车牌精确定位与实现

车牌识别系统作为自动识别车辆的一种重要形式,是城市智能交通管理系统中不可或缺的重要组成部分,广泛用于路桥、隧道等卡口的自动收费系统、现代住宅小区、停车场、重要机关单位的汽车出入控制、车流监控等重要场合,尤其在高速公路收费系统中,车牌自动识别更是一个重要的环节。车牌定位作为车牌自动识别中的关键步骤,对系统识别率有重要的影响。     

多种群联合的多目标进化自适应阈值图像分割算法*

多阈值图像分割算法的阈值数目大多需要用户指定,人为干预较大。本文提出多种群联合的多目标进化自适应阈值图像分割算法,本文提出多种群联合的多目标进化自适应阈值图像分割算法,在多个分组种群的联合进化框架下,通过同时优化类间方差准则和模糊熵准则获得图像阈值,并在进化过程中采用自调节的交叉和变异操作产生子代种群并自动确定阈值数目。实验结果表明,该算法不仅能自适应得到合适的阈值数目,而且阈值分割效果也是比较理想的。     

基于空频域联合闭值分割的轮廓检测方法

传统的边缘检测算子仅在空域上对梯度图像进行阈值分割来计算二值边缘图像,当应用在自然场景图像中时,检测结果中往往含有大量的干扰边缘。为了消除干扰边缘,提高传统边缘算子的轮廓检测性能,提出了基于空频域联合阈值分割的轮廓检测方法:首先对梯度图像进行频域阈值分割消除干扰边缘,然后进行空域阈值分割得到最终的二值边缘图。结合Canny算子,利用自然场景图像对该方法进行了性能评估,结果表明,该方法大大减少了干扰边缘,有效提高了Canny算子在复杂自然场景图像中的轮廓检测性能。     

Fuzzy entropy based optimal thresholding using bat algorithm

Image segmentation is a very significant process in image analysis. Much effort based on thresholding has been made on this field as it is simple and intuitive, commonly used thresholding approaches are to optimize a criterion such as between-class variance or entropy for seeking appropriate threshold values. However, a mass of computational cost is needed and efficiency is broken down as an exhaustive search is utilized for finding the optimal thresholds, which results in application of evolutionary algorithm and swarm intelligence to obtain the optimal thresholds. This paper considers image thresholding as a constrained optimization problem and optimal thresholds for 1-level or multi-level thresholding in an image are acquired by maximizing the fuzzy entropy via a newly proposed bat algorithm. The optimal thresholding is achieved through the convergence of bat algorithm. The proposed method has been tested on some natural and infrared images. The results are compared with the fuzzy entropy based methods that are optimized by artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant colony optimization (ACO); moreover, they are also compared with thresholding methods based on criteria of between-class variance and Kapur's entropy optimized by bat algorithm. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is robust, adaptive, encouraging on the score of CPU time and exhibits the better performance than other methods involved in the paper in terms of objective function values.     

Segmentation of SAR images

This paper presents a new algorithm for segmentation of SAR images based on threshold estimation using the histogram. The speckle distribution in the SAR image is modeled by a Gamma function. Thus, the SAR image histogram exhibits a combination of Gamma distributions. The maximum likelihood technique is therefore used to estimate the histogram parameters. This technique requires knowledge of the number of modes of the histogram, the number of looks of the SAR image, and the initial parameters of the histogram. The second derivative of the histogram is used to estimate the number of modes. We use two methods to estimate the number of looks. Initial parameters are estimated at the maximum of the Gamma function. Thresholds are selected at the valleys of a multi-modal histogram by minimizing the discrimination error between the classes of pixels in the image. The algorithm is applied to several RADARSAT SAR images with different number of looks. The results obtained are promising.     

二维直方图准分的Renyi熵快速图像阈值分割

针对传统二维Renyi熵(RE)分割法分割结果不够准确和计算复杂度高的问题,提出一种快速的二维RE准分法。首先,用与主对角线平行的四条斜线将直方图分成内点区、边界点区和噪声点区,并对噪声点区进行去噪处理以便获得更好的分割性能。然后,对内点区与边界点区在RE公式中的对应量准确取值使阈值选取更准确。最后,提出二维RE准分法的一般递推算法,并在此算法的基础上利用RE在二维直方图上的计算特性和两个公式导出快速的二维RE阈值选取算法来降低计算复杂度。实验结果表明,与对比方法相比,文中方法不仅分割更准确和抗噪性更强,而且其运行时间少,与二维RE斜分法运行时间相近。     

An adaptable threshold detector

A data set often comprises some data classes. For example, a gray-scale image may consist of some objects, each of which has similar pixels’ gray-scales. The threshold obtained by Otsu’s thresholding method (OTM) is biased towards certain data class with larger variance or larger number of data when the variances or the numbers of data among classes are quite different. In this paper, Adaptable Threshold Detector (ATD) is proposed to improve the effectiveness of OTM in determining proper thresholds by dividing class variance by class interval. ATD is more versatile at selecting application-dependent thresholds by changing two parameter values which describe the relative importance among data size, standard deviation, and class interval of a class. In this paper, ATD is applied to crop the expected objects from images to verify its effect upon thresholding. Experimental results demonstrate that ATD is able to perform better than OTM in segmenting objects from images, besides excelling over the Valley-Emphasis Method (VEM) and the Minimum Class Variance Thresholding Method (MCVTM). ATD is also suitable for separating objects from serialized video images, i.e. computerized tomography.     

Segmentation of gray scale image based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets constructed from several membership functions

Segmentation is the process of extraction of objects from an image. This paper proposes a new algorithm to construct intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) from multiple fuzzy sets as an application to image segmentation. Hesitation degree in IFS is formulated as the degree of ignorance (due to the lack of knowledge) to determine whether the chosen membership function is best for image segmentation. By minimizing entropy of IFS generated from various fuzzy sets, an image is thresholded. Experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

一种基于小波变换图像去噪的方法

提出了一种基于图像软阈值小波变换的高斯白噪声消除法。该算法根据含噪声图的特点,把信号分成信号象素与可能噪声象素两类,对于可能是噪声的象素,采用图像的小波软阈值去噪方法进行滤波,而对信号象素不产生影响,且能保留更多的图像细节。文中也给出了标准中值滤波,自适应维纳滤波算法和小波软阈值去噪的算法进行比较实验,结果表明用小波软阈值去噪的算法处理高度污染高斯白噪声的图像能力明显强于标准中值滤波,稍微优于自适应维纳滤波算法,且能够比较好保留图像的细节部分。     

回溯搜索优化改进矩阵填充的高效位置指纹库构建

针对基于信号强度指示（RSSI）的位置指纹定位过程中用于其离线位置指纹库构建的全采法采集工作量较大、位置指纹库构建效率较低、而插值法通常精度有限等问题,提出一种基于回溯搜索优化算法改进奇异值阈值（SVT）矩阵填充（MC）算法的离线位置指纹库高效构建方法。首先,利用定位区域内采集到的部分参考点的位置指纹数据建立低秩矩阵填充模型;然后通过基于奇异值阈值的低秩矩阵填充算法来求解该模型,进而快速准确重构出完整的位置指纹数据库;同时,针对传统矩阵填充算法最优解模糊及平滑性欠佳的问题,引入回溯搜索优化算法,以核范数最小建立适应度函数,对矩阵填充算法的寻优过程进行改进,进一步提高了求解精度。实验结果表明,利用所提方法构建的位置指纹库与实际采集的位置指纹库之间的平均误差仅为2.7054 dB,平均定位误差仅相差0.0863 m,但却节约了近50%的离线采集工作量。上述结果表明所提算法用于离线位置指纹库构建可以在保证精度的基础上,有效降低离线采集阶段的工作量,显著提高位置指纹库构建效率,在一定程度上提高位置指纹定位方法的实用性。