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用射线法导出两段式半导体激光器的端面输出谱。该结果既适用于两段式双稳激光器,也适用于简单的外腔式激光器,于是,我们首次用一个统一的式子对这两种看起来颇为不同的器件的某些特性进行了研究。 相似文献
124.
以粉煤灰、水泥、石灰、石膏为主要原料,以CaCl2、Na2SO4、Na3PO4为复合添加剂,在制备陶粒过程中加入吸附Ni2+后的硅藻土,采用蒸气养护法制备出缓慢释放微量Ni2+的生物陶粒,并研究其对废水厌氧处理的影响。实验结果表明,陶粒对Ni2+的释放量与陶粒负载Ni2+质量、陶粒蒸养时间有关,陶粒释放平衡时间为9 d,起到了很好的缓释效果;通过在厌氧生物反应器中空白对照组与添加缓释Ni2+陶粒组的对比实验表明,添加缓释Ni2+反应器的COD去除率最高达到89.8%,比空白对照组高出23.6%,缓释陶粒释放出的Ni2+离子能够被微生物很好的吸收利用,提高废水厌氧处理效果,而不会造成水质的污染。 相似文献
125.
Qiu Bingsen 《电子科学学刊(英文版)》2014,31(2):92-99
A novel approach to survivor memory unit of Decision Feedback Sequence Estimator (DFSE) for 1000BASE-T transceiver based on hybrid architecture of the classical register-exchange and trace-back methods is proposed. The proposed architecture is investigated with special emphasis on low power and small decoder latency, in which a dedicated register-exchange module is designed to provide tentative survivor syml~ols with zero latency, and a high-speed trace back logic is presented to meet tile tight latency budget specified for 1000BASE-T transceiver. Furthermore, clock-gating register banks are constructed for power saving. VLSI implementation reveals that, the proposed architecture provides about 40% savings in power consumption compared to the traditional register-exchange architecture. 相似文献
126.
Pourrut B Lopareva-Pohu A Pruvot C Garçon G Verdin A Waterlot C Bidar G Shirali P Douay F 《The Science of the total environment》2011,409(21):4504-4510
Aided phytostabilisation is a cost-efficient technique to manage metal-contaminated areas, particularly in the presence of extensive pollution. Plant establishment and survival in highly metal-contaminated soils are crucial for phytostabilisation success, as metal toxicity for plants is widely reported. A relevant phytostabilisation solution must limit metal transfer through the food chain. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the long-term efficiency of aided phytostabilisation on former agricultural soils highly contaminated by cadmium, lead, and zinc. The influence of afforestation and fly ash amendments on reducing metal phytoavailability was investigated as were their effects on plant development. Before being planted with a tree mix, the site was divided into three plots: a reference plot with no amendment, a plot amended with silico-aluminous fly ash and one with sulfo-calcic fly ash. Unlike Salix alba and Quercus robur, Alnus glutinosa, Acer pseudoplatanus and Robinia pseudoacacia grew well on the site and accumulated, overall, quite low concentrations of metals in their leaves and young twigs. This suggests that these three species have an excluder phenotype for Cd, Zn and Pb. After 8 years, metal availability to A. glutinosa, A. pseudoplatanus and R. pseudoacacia, and translocation to their above-ground parts, strongly decreased in fly ash-amended soils. Such decreases fit well together with the depletion of CaCl2-extractable metals in amended soils. Although both fly ashes were effective to decrease Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in above-ground parts of trees, the sulfo-calcic ash was more efficient. 相似文献
127.
Conesa HM María-Cervantes A Alvarez-Rogel J González-Alcaraz MN 《The Science of the total environment》2011,409(20):4470-4479
The aims of this study were to determine the factors which control metal and As phytoavailability in the different microenvironments (Sand Dunes, Salt Flat, Dry River and Shrubs) present at a Mediterranean salt marsh polluted by mining wastes. We performed a field study following a plot sampling survey. The analyses of soil parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon contents, etc.), total metal and As concentrations and their phytoavailability assessed with EDTA were related to each microenvironment and the corresponding plant species uptake. The averages of pH and EC were slightly alkaline (pH ≈ 7.5) and saline (≈ 2.2 to 17.1 dS m−1) respectively. The soil samples from the Salt Flat subzone showed the highest metal concentrations (e.g. 51 mg kg−1 Cd, 11,600 mg kg−1 Pb) while for As, the highest concentrations occurred in the Dry River (380 mg kg−1 As). The total metal and EDTA-extractable concentrations occurred as it follows: Salt Flat > Dry River > Degraded Dunes > Shrubs. In relation to plant metal and As accumulation, the highest root concentrations were obtained in the species from the Salt Flat subzone: ~ 17 mg kg−1 As, ~ 620 mg kg−1 Pb, for both, Juncus maritimus and Arthrocnemum macrostachyum. However the highest metal and As shoot concentrations occurred in species from the Sand Dunes: ~ 23 mg kg−1 As ~ 270 mg kg−1 Pb for Dittrichia viscosa; ~ 23 mg kg−1 As, ~ 390 mg kg−1 Zn for Crucianella maritima. The occurrence of edaphic gradients including salinity and texture determined the vegetation distribution. However, it cannot be concluded that there was a disturbance due to metal(loid)s soil concentrations in terms of vegetation composition except in the Degraded Dunes and Dry River. The higher EDTA-extractable concentrations were coincidental with the most saline soils but this did not result in higher metal(loid)s plant accumulation. 相似文献
128.
Stormwater runoff poses a great challenge to the scientific assessment of the effects of diffuse pollution sources on receiving waters. In this study, a self-organizing map (SOM), a research tool for analyzing specific patterns in a large array of data, was applied to the monitoring data obtained from a stormwater monitoring survey to acquire new insights into stream water quality profiles under different rainfall conditions. The components of the input data vectors used by the SOM included concentrations of 10 metal elements, river discharge, and rainfall amount which were collected at the inlet and endpoint of an urban segment of the Yeongsan River, Korea. From the study, it was found that the SOM displayed significant variability in trace metal concentrations for different monitoring sites and rainfall events, with a greater impact of stormwater runoff on stream water quality at the upstream site than at the downstream site, except under low rainfall conditions (≤4 mm). In addition, the SOM clearly determined the water quality characteristics for “non-storm” and “storm” data, where the parameters nickel and arsenic and the parameters chromium, cadmium, and lead played an important role in reflecting the spatial and temporal water quality, respectively. When the SOM was used to examine the efficacy of stormwater quality monitoring programs, between 34 and 64% of the sample size in the current data set was shown to be sufficient for estimating the stormwater pollutant loads. The observed errors were small, generally being below 10, 6, and 20% for load estimation, map resolution, and clustering accuracy, respectively. Thus, the method recommended may be used to minimize monitoring costs if both the efficiency and accuracy are further determined by examining a large existing data set. 相似文献
129.
Gerrity D Gamage S Holady JC Mawhinney DB Quiñones O Trenholm RA Snyder SA 《Water research》2011,45(5):2155-2165
In an effort to validate the use of ozone for contaminant oxidation and disinfection in water reclamation, extensive pilot testing was performed with ozone/H2O2 and biological activated carbon (BAC) at the Reno-Stead Water Reclamation Facility in Reno, Nevada. Three sets of samples were collected over a five-month period of continuous operation, and these samples were analyzed for a suite of trace organic contaminants (TOrCs), total estrogenicity, and several microbial surrogates, including the bacteriophage MS2, total and fecal coliforms, and Bacillus spores. Based on the high degree of microbial inactivation and contaminant destruction, this treatment train appears to be a viable alternative to the standard indirect potable reuse (IPR) configuration (i.e., membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, UV/H2O2, and aquifer injection), particularly for inland applications where brine disposal is an issue. Several issues, including regrowth of coliform bacteria in the BAC process, must be addressed prior to full-scale implementation. 相似文献
130.