Trends in human development and environmental protection

Even if the will to follow a sustainable lifestyle in the Western countries is increasing, many developing countries are experiencing their phase of economic growth, threatening and overexploiting their environment. This study compares the Living Planet Index and the Human Development Index, and suggests that societies follow common patterns of development, from the indigenous lifestyle to undeveloped society, through a developing stage, towards a developed state. According to these common steps each society exploits local, regional and sometimes global natural resources to nourish its economic growth. If developing countries will not undertake strategies to skip the ‘intermediate’ stage of overexploitation of natural resources during their growing phase, Earth systems may not be able to keep alive the global biodiversity, and provide ecosystem services that sustain humanity.     

中国生猪产业发展的趋势、矛盾、战略与政策研究

中国是世界上最大的生猪繁育和猪肉生产与消费大国,但还不是生猪产业强国.文章从生猪产业链视角出发,分析了生猪产业发展中持续发挥作用的繁殖工厂化、饲养规模化、产业一体化、产品安全健康化和布局空间转移等基本趋势及其背景与原因,探讨了存在于生猪产业发展与资源供给之间、外来品种引进与本土品种及种质资源保护之间、规模化一体化发展与就业及收入创造之间以及分散养殖、市场监管和推动规模化发展之间的一系列两难选择及矛盾与问题,提出了未来应实施宏观低速增长和消费端口产业推动等战略及相应政策.     

Mining border descriptions of emerging patterns from dataset pairs

The mining of changes or differences or other comparative patterns from a pair of datasets is an interesting problem. This paper is focused on the mining of one type of comparative pattern called emerging patterns. Emerging patterns are denoted by EPs and are defined as patterns for which support increases from one dataset to the other with a big ratio. The number of EPs is sometimes huge. To provide a good structure for and to reduce the size of mining results, we use borders to concisely describe large collections of EPs in a lossless way. Such a border consists of only the minimal (under set inclusion) and the maximal EPs in the collection. We also present an algorithm for efficiently computing the borders of some desired EPs by manipulating the input borders only. Our experience with many datasets in the UCI Repository and recent cancer diagnosis datasets demonstrated that: Both the EP pattern type and our algorithm are useful for building accurate classifiers and useful for mining multifactor interactions, for example, minimal gene groups potentially responsible for the development of cancer.     

论我国电池装备的近期发展方向

1 前言 随着电动器具的普及和人民生活水平的提高,我国电池工业迅速发展。八十年代起,我国原电池产量位于世界首位。但从电池的品种结构上来看,仍处于落后状况,因而越来越难以满足国内外市场对高容量,高可     

Occupant deaths in large truck crashes in the United States: 25 years of experience

There is public concern about the magnitude of the problem of large truck crashes in the US. Fatalities in large truck crashes have not declined much; however, more large trucks are driving more miles than ever before while fatalities per mile driven have dropped substantially. This study examined how the public health burden of large truck crashes versus the risk per unit of travel has changed over 25 years.The present study focused on the US vehicle occupants in fatal crashes involving a large truck during 1975-1999. Occupant fatalities per 100000 population, per 10000 licensed drivers, per 10000 registered trucks and per 100 million vehicle-miles of travel (VMT) were calculated to determine trends in occupant deaths in large truck crashes.In 1999, large truck crashes resulted in 3916 occupant deaths in passenger vehicles and 747 in large trucks. Passenger vehicle occupant deaths in large truck crashes per 100000 population have increased somewhat since 1975 (1.28 in 1975 and 1.44 in 1999). There have been appreciable declines in occupant deaths per truck VMT since 1975, but the percentage reduction has been greater for occupants of large trucks (67%) than for passenger vehicle occupants (43%). However, truck drivers are at elevated risk of dying relative to their numbers in the workforce. Overall large truck involvements in fatal crashes per truck VMT decreased more than passenger vehicle involvements per passenger VMT (PVMT; 68% versus 33% decreases for single-vehicle crashes and 43% versus 23% for multiple-vehicle crashes). Large truck involvement in fatal crashes has dropped substantially when measured per unit of travel, but the public health burden of large truck crashes, as measured by deaths per 100000 population, has not improved over time because of the large increase in truck mileage. Research is needed on measures to better protect both occupants of large trucks and passenger vehicle occupants colliding with them.     

基于二次线性模型的网络舆情演化研究与实现

针对目前网络舆情形成迅速,对社会影响巨大,主要讨论在加强互联网信息监管的同时．研究网络舆情的演化趋势并研究相关算法以对其发展做出科学的预测．目的是对网络舆情的特性有一定的了解,掌握其基本的变化规律,以便提早采取应对措施,对于及时应对网络突发的公共事件和全面掌握社会民情民意有重大意义。     

星级旅游酒店建筑设计之探讨

以大理苍洱国际观光酒店设计为例,通过对我国星级旅游酒店的动态趋势分析,从地域与企业文化、人性化、生态观、与时共进等几方面提出当代星级旅游酒店的动态设计趋向,阐述设计师对当代星级旅游酒店设计手法的运用。     

Ligand effects in heterogeneous catalysis and electrochemistry

Ligand effects in surface reactivity are discussed on the basis of extensive density functional theory calculations. The d-band model is reviewed and it is shown that it can be used to rationalize trends in reactivity in heterogeneous catalysis and electrochemistry.     

A review of recent trends in house construction and land prices in Great Britain

Over the last few decades, house prices in the UK have risen at a higher rate than general prices, as measured by, for example, the retail price index. Construction prices, on the other hand, tend to have risen broadly in line with general prices. Assuming the same things are being measured in each case, this implies that, over the period, the price of land, the most significant non-construction element of house prices, has risen at a faster rate than house prices and a much higher rate than construction prices. This paper reviews past price trends and concludes that not only have house prices risen faster than construction prices but also that, as a result, construction prices represent a smaller proportion of house prices. The paper also considers briefly what might be the implications if that trend continued- or if it did not.     

The importance of the relationship between scale and process in understanding long-term DOC dynamics

Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon have increased in many, but not all, surface waters across acid impacted areas of Europe and North America over the last two decades. Over the last eight years several hypotheses have been put forward to explain these increases, but none are yet accepted universally. Research in this area appears to have reached a stalemate between those favouring declining atmospheric deposition, climate change or land management as the key driver of long-term DOC trends. While it is clear that many of these factors influence DOC dynamics in soil and stream waters, their effect varies over different temporal and spatial scales. We argue that regional differences in acid deposition loading may account for the apparent discrepancies between studies. DOC has shown strong monotonic increases in areas which have experienced strong downward trends in pollutant sulphur and/or seasalt deposition. Elsewhere climatic factors, that strongly influence seasonality, have also dominated inter-annual variability, and here long-term monotonic DOC trends are often difficult to detect. Furthermore, in areas receiving similar acid loadings, different catchment characteristics could have affected the site specific sensitivity to changes in acidity and therefore the magnitude of DOC release in response to changes in sulphur deposition. We suggest that confusion over these temporal and spatial scales of investigation has contributed unnecessarily to the disagreement over the main regional driver(s) of DOC trends, and that the data behind the majority of these studies is more compatible than is often conveyed.