开放性与实践性——建筑学科视野中的城市史研究生教学模式探讨*

随着中国城市化进程的加快和建筑学科教学体系的完善,建筑学科领域的城市史教学有待向专业化和开放性进一步深入,使其在多学科交叉的开放视野中让学生认识城市进程中的历史观.由于各个学科的广泛参与,城市史研究从对城市建设过程的描述性介绍,逐渐发展到关注物质建设背后的社会结构、观念、价值和城市社会的变迁,这一开放性的研究趋势将进一步拓宽城市史教学的视野.此外,城市史教学应该立足于建筑学科的特点,与社会实践紧密结合,使建筑领域的城市史教学进一步走向开放性和专业性.     

Effect of Task Complexity and Stimulus Duration on Perceptual-Motor Performance of Two Disparate Age Groups

Abstract

This study was concerned with two task dimensions, complexity and stimulus duration, which previous research had shown to accentuate or reduce performance. differences between age groups. Young and old groups made an unguided movement at the onset of one stimulus light in a four-light display. Task complexity was varied by altering the number of response alternatives (1 or 2) while holding the display constant. Two stimulus durations were used: 0110 sec and 2.0 sec. Old subjects reacted 30 per cent slower and moved 7G percent slower than young. Both reaction time and movement time were slower for the complex task than for the simple. The difference between simple and complex movement time was significantly greater for old subjects than for young./ Young subjects moved faster with the 0.110 sec stimulus while old subjects moved faster with the 2.0 sec stimulus.     

Carbon sequestration by forestation across China: Past, present, and future

Plantation forests are the most effective and ecologically friendly way of absorbing CO₂ and increasing carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems; mitigating global warming and beginning ecological restoration. China's forestation rate is the highest in the world, and contributes significantly to the nation's carbon sequestration. We have applied empirical growth curves, scale transformations, field sampling plots, and forest inventory data, to our carbon estimation model, to analyze the carbon sequestration in living biomass and soil organic carbon pools in past and current plantations. Furthermore, the potential carbon sinks of future plantations, 2010-2050, have been simulated. From 1950 to the present, plantations in China sequestered 1.686 Pg C by net uptake into biomass and emissions of soil organic carbon. The carbon stock of China's present plantations was 7.894 Pg C, including 21.4% of the total sequestration as forest biomass and 78.6% as SOC. We project that China's forestation activities will continue to net sequester carbon to a level of 3.169 Pg C by 2050, and that carbon stock in plantations will amount to 10.395 Pg C. Spatial patterns of carbon sequestration were dissimilar to those of planting area. On the basis of area, carbon sequestrations were highest in North China, while changes were generally greatest in the Northeast and Southwest regions.     

我国创花板发展现状与发展趋势分析

本文根据详实调查和有关文献,对我国刨花板工业发展情况进行了详实的总结,并提出刨花板工业的未来发展趋势。     

Trends of energy efficiency in Finnish road freight transport 1995–2009 and forecast to 2016

A framework for modeling and analyzing the energy efficiency of road freight transport is presented in this paper. This framework is tested by using the data from the Finnish Goods Transport by Road statistics. The data was enhanced by calculating the fuel consumption for each trip in the data. To calculate this, weight-fuel consumption functions were estimated for each Euro-class vehicles and road type. This is a new method for analyzing the energy efficiency of road freight transport and it could be applied also in other countries gathering freight transport data with continuous company surveys. The analysis show that the energy efficiency of road freight transport in Finland improved during 1995–2002, but has declined since. The major drivers in the development have been the changes in the level of empty running and vehicle fuel efficiency. Extrapolating current statistical trends of factors that influence the energy efficiency show that the target set by the Finnish government for improving energy efficiency by 9% until 2016 will not be achieved. However, the target is possible to be achieved by a combination of small changes to some determinants.     

What goes up: Recent trends in Mexican residential energy use

Energy use in the Mexican residential sector is steadily increasing. Important factors contributing to the increase include changes in the types of housing built, heating, cooling, water-heating equipment and other appliances.     

汽车电子技术的应用及发展趋势探究

近年来,随着电子技术工业的不断发展完善,其应用范围翻来越广,逐渐进入我国社会生产的多个领域。汽车工业与电子技术的结合是现代汽车工业与电子技术工业发展的一个趋势,电子技术在汽车工业中的应用越来越多,更多的汽车电子控制系统不断出现。本文从汽车电子技术的概念与发展历程入手,对汽车电子技术的应用现状进行了简单探讨,并在此基础上对汽车电子技术的未来发展趋势和方向进行了研究分析。     

2018年网络空间国际治理回顾与展望

2018年网络空间国际治理进程仍旧处于缓滞状态。全球网络空间治理格局演变趋势总体上延续了自"斯诺登事件"以来的走向,即由"以美国为绝对主导的霸权"逐渐向"一超多强"格局转变。地缘政治因素与网络安全问题相互交织,导致国家间信任缺失现象进一步加剧,国家间竞争和博弈日趋激烈,主要表现为国家或区域性战略、规划或法规等治理举措频出,以及网络军备竞赛继续蔓延等方面。本文将围绕网络安全、数字经济、信息化与新技术、国际合作、国际规则制定五个重要领域展开分析。     

线型红外感烟火灾探测器算法设计

本文以对射式编码型线型红外光束感烟火灾探测器为例,介绍了其基本工作原理及探测器采用的通信协议、自动补偿、可变窗口建立基准和差值等智能算法,并对试验获得的数据进行了分析,验证了上述算法的可行性。