汽车电子技术的应用及发展趋势探究

近年来,随着电子技术工业的不断发展完善,其应用范围翻来越广,逐渐进入我国社会生产的多个领域。汽车工业与电子技术的结合是现代汽车工业与电子技术工业发展的一个趋势,电子技术在汽车工业中的应用越来越多,更多的汽车电子控制系统不断出现。本文从汽车电子技术的概念与发展历程入手,对汽车电子技术的应用现状进行了简单探讨,并在此基础上对汽车电子技术的未来发展趋势和方向进行了研究分析。     

2018年网络空间国际治理回顾与展望

2018年网络空间国际治理进程仍旧处于缓滞状态。全球网络空间治理格局演变趋势总体上延续了自"斯诺登事件"以来的走向,即由"以美国为绝对主导的霸权"逐渐向"一超多强"格局转变。地缘政治因素与网络安全问题相互交织,导致国家间信任缺失现象进一步加剧,国家间竞争和博弈日趋激烈,主要表现为国家或区域性战略、规划或法规等治理举措频出,以及网络军备竞赛继续蔓延等方面。本文将围绕网络安全、数字经济、信息化与新技术、国际合作、国际规则制定五个重要领域展开分析。     

Trends in alcohol-impaired driving in Canada

While a general decreasing trend in the number of persons killed in a traffic crash involving a drinking driver has occurred in Canada since the 1980s, it is evident that much of this decrease occurred in the 1990s. Since 2002, less progress has been made as the number of persons killed in crashes involving drinking drivers remains high. To better understand the current situation, this paper describes trends in drinking and driving in Canada from 1998 to 2011 using multiple indicators based on data collected for the Traffic Injury Research Foundation's (TIRF) Road Safety Monitor (RSM), the National Opinion Poll on Drinking and Driving, and trends in alcohol-related crashes based on data collected for TIRF's national Fatality Database in Canada. There has been a continued and consistent decrease in the number of fatalities involving a drinking driver in Canada. This remains true when looking at the number of fatalities involving a drinking driver per 100,000 population and per 100,000 licensed drivers. This decreasing trend is also still apparent when considering the percentage of persons killed in a traffic crash in Canada involving a drinking driver although less pronounced. Data from the RSM further show that the percentage of those who reported driving after they thought they were over the legal limit has also declined. However, regardless of the apparent decreasing trend in drinking driving fatalities and behaviour, reductions have been relatively modest, and fatalities in crashes involving drivers who have consumed alcohol remain high at unacceptable levels.     

我国石油钻井泥浆处理剂发展状况与趋势

本文介绍了五十年代以来我国陆上石油钻井泥浆处理剂的研制和应用状况。将处理理剂按功能分为十六大类，再各按主要组份分小类，共２６０个品种，介绍了每一类处理的发展情况。发表了各大类算是剂１９７８－１９９３年分小类品种和１９８３－１９９３年年用量统计数字，降滤失剂，降粘剂，增粘剂，页岩抑制剂四大类处理剂１９８３－１９９３年分小类年用量统计数字，讨论了泥浆处理剂的今后发展趋势。     

近代辐射防护之趋向

本文试图根据辐射防护的着眼点转向随机效应的观点,来阐明体现在 ICRP 26号出版物中的近代辐射防护的剂量限制体系,并介绍与讨论了正当化、最优化与限量化原则。强调指出这个体系与传统的阈值观点的差别。由于随机效应的随机性,小的概率与长的潜伏期,使我们难以获得充分的有关人的剂量效应的直接资料,指出现有的部分有用资料实系来自正当性可疑的实践,而有效的辐射防护反而使我们得不到更多的资料。阐述了小剂量下随机效应的线性无阈假定发生率的可叠加原理及由此发展起来的躯体有效剂量当量与 ICRP 有效剂量当量。文中强调指出,ICRP的防护标准是把所有职业受照者看作是相同的,在这个意义上由线性假定论证了按器官平均剂量(或积分剂量)估计效应的合理性。解释了最优化的差分分析原理及其在实际运用中所存在的困难。     

Water quality trends in the Tarkwa gold-mining district,Ghana

A detailed hydrochemical investigation has been undertaken to establish whether mining has adversely affected streams in the Tarkwa gold-mining district and, if so, to what extent. The results show that streams that pass through mining areas and receive mine water exhibit significant spatial and temporal variations in their major ion hydrochemistry. Water analyses of perceived pristine areas reveal that the study area has undergone silicate weathering, but in mining areas, carbonate weathering was inferred. The inconsistency is attributed to the chemistry of mine waters discharging into receiving streams. This is supported by the average pH values of 6.48 for pristine streams and 7.74 for those affected by mine water. Trace element analysis did not show significant changes from the norm except for discharges from a spoil heap, which exhibited hydrochemical characteristics consistent with acid mine drainage. Saturation indices determined for the water samples reflect the sandstone–quartzite–phyllite lithology and intense weathering regime of the area as a result of the humid tropical climate.     

全球蜡烛市场发展现状及趋势

蜡烛作为传统的商品发展到今天,已经不再是传统照明的蜡烛,在科技的推动下,蜡烛及其制品行业已经走进一个全新的领域,形成一个具有巨大市场潜力的行业.目前欧美市场作为全球最重要的蜡烛消费区域,通过对全球蜡烛市场进行分析与预测,为国内蜡烛制造企业的发展提供参考依据.     

透过2013广东秋季家具展看家居设计流行趋势

通过对2013年9月秋季广东省举办的几个大型家具展会上的参展展品的分析,依产品的不同分类方式,从“板式、板木、实木、中式、欧美、后现代、青少年儿童、软体家具”等视角探讨了家具展会中的家具设计特点,希望对预测家居设计的流行趋势具有一定的参考意义。     

Long-term water chemical trends in two Swedish lakes after termination of liming

Lime treatment has been extensively used as a remedial measure against acidification of surface waters. In view of the decreasing acid deposition, the possible consequences of a termination of liming are discussed intensively in Sweden. This paper presents the results of the first study of long-term effects of termination of liming. The temporal trends in water chemistry were studied in two lakes after termination of liming, in a still-limed lake and in an unlimed reference lake. The lime treatment was intentionally stopped in order to evaluate the effects on water chemistry and biota. After the last liming, pH decreased steadily in both reacidifying lakes until annual mean values stabilised around 5.5-6.0 and 6.2-6.5 respectively. ANC and concentrations of non-marine Ca + Mg decreased after the termination of liming. The decreasing pH resulted in increasing trends of inorganic Al (Al_i), which during recent years exceeded the lowest known effect level for fish on several occasions. This indicates that the lime treatment may have been terminated to early from an ecological perspective and with respect to the critical load of acidifying substances during the study period. However, during the same time, non-marine sulphate decreased in all lakes in the study and pH and ANC increased in the unlimed reference lake.     

淮河流域水沙变化趋势及其成因分析

根据淮河流域来水来沙特点,选定反映淮河流域水沙变化趋势的代表水文站,利用50余年来的实测年径流量及年输沙量资料,研究了淮河流域水沙量的时空分布特性;采用Mann-Kendal秩相关检验法,分析了淮河流域水沙量年际变化趋势和可能发生突变的年份。研究结果表明整体上淮河流域来水量无明显的减小趋势,其中淮河干流年径流量无明显的变化趋势,支流及沂、沭、泗水系各站年径流量减小趋势明显;而淮河流域来沙量则呈现显著减少的趋势,发生突变的年份为1973—1975年。从流域降雨量、用水变化、水库拦沙、水土流失及其治理状况等方面分析了引起淮河流域水沙变化的主要成因,提出了淮河流域上游山区河流水库建设是流域来沙量减少的主要原因。