盾构隧道孤石预爆破地表质点峰值振速衰减公式

为了解决盾构隧道孤石预爆破中,不同炸药的性质和药包埋深对质点峰值振动速度的影响,对岩石爆破中地表质点峰值振动速度衰减公式进行了改进,基于叠加原理获得能同时考虑装药结构、岩性特性参数等影响因素的长柱药包峰值振动速度公式,并通过工程实例验证了该公式的有效性。结果表明:长柱形装药地下爆破引起的峰值振动速度不仅受测点与爆源距离影响,也受到装药结构的影响;在装药长度不变条件下,长柱药包的埋深对与爆心水平距离25m范围内峰值振动速度影响较大,超出25m范围受到的振动影响程度趋于一致。     

数据核心网络扁平化演进--使用直接隧道功能变革网络架构

伴随着无线网络技术从2G/3G,向着HSPA,I-HSPA以及LTE地演进,无线网络的上下行速率理论上将达到100Mbps。分组域核心网如何更加有效、快速地处理数据流量,减少网络中业务的处理节点和故障节点,最大化利用网络资源和设备资源成为下一步的研究课题。     

Critical ventilation velocity for tunnel fires occurring near tunnel exits

Ventilation is an effective method for controlling smoke during a tunnel fire. The “critical ventilation velocity” u_cr is generally defined as the minimum velocity at which smoke is prevented from spreading against the longitudinal ventilation flow in tunnel fire situations. This study conducted small-scale experiments to investigate u_cr for situations when tunnel fire occurs near tunnel exits. The model tunnel was 4 m long, 0.6 m wide and 0.6 m tall, and the fires were located at 0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m from the tunnel exit. 6.3×6.3 cm² and 9.0×9.0 cm² square asoline fuel pans were used as fire source. Results show that u_cr decreases as the fire approaches the tunnel exit.     

象山隧道液压凿岩台车开挖斜孔掏槽施工技术

新建的龙岩至厦门单线铁路象山隧道断面比较小,使用液压凿岩台车开挖,斜孔掏槽方案受到很大限制。本文介绍了使用液压凿岩台车钻爆开挖象山隧道,选择斜孔掏槽方案实现快速开挖,为类似的隧道工程施工提供经验。     

Analytical modeling of complex contact behavior between rock mass and lining structure

Based on the nondestructive test data of operating railway tunnels in China, this paper summarizes the basic characteristics of the complex contact behavior between the rock mass and lining structure. The contact modes are classified into dense contact, local non-contact, and loose contact. Subsequently, the corresponding mechanical model for each contact mode is developed according to its mechanical characteristics using the complex variable method. In the proposed mechanical model, a special algorithm is introduced to detect whether the local non-contact zone is re-contacted. Besides, a novel conformal mapping method is also proposed to accurately calculate the mechanical response of the concrete lining. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparing it with the finite element method (FEM). Several parameter investigations are conducted to analyze the effects of different contact modes on the rock–lining interaction. The results show that: (i) the height of the local non-contact area does not have a significant effect on the contact stress distribution if no re-contact occurs; (ii) backfill grouting can reduce the local stress concentration caused by poor contact modes; and (iii) reducing the friction coefficient of the interface can lead to a more uniform distribution of internal forces in the concrete lining.     

Highly Flexible Tribovoltaic Nanogenerator Based-on P-N Junction Interface: Comparative Study on Output Dependency Dominated by Photovoltaic Effect in Freestanding-Mode

The emergence of tribovoltaic nanogenerators (TVNGs) paves the way for developing a new kind of semiconductor-based energy harvester that overcomes the restriction of low output current in a conventional approach. The traditional TVNG generally depends on the frictional pair between two rigid semiconductors (or metal-semiconductor), limiting the practicability of flexible and portable electronics. Recent developments require the fundamental understanding of charge generation in diverse operating modes and structures. Here, a flexible TVNG based on the p-Cu₂O/n-g-C₃N₄ interface is presented. Operating in a freestanding mode, the proposed TVNG can generate a stable signal in any optical conditions including UV illumination, dark, and ambient. Under UV illumination, the electrical outputs of the TVNG reach 0.43 V and 2.1 µA cm⁻², which are significantly larger than those obtained from dark and ambient conditions. The results demonstrate the coupling effect of three phenomena: tribovoltaic, photovoltaic, and triboelectric effects, and the unique mechanism to the observed signal is proposed. Additionally, the TVNG shows the practical feasibility of energy harvesting with capacitor charging and charge-boosting circuits. This study showcases the unique concept with potential for developing a novel flexible nanogenerator in many aspects, including material, structure, and fundamental mechanism.     

坑道内典型工业炸药爆炸灾害效应的数值模拟

为了研究典型工业炸药在相对封闭的空间中爆炸产生的灾害效应,利用非线性动力学方法对3种典型的工业炸药(2号岩石硝铵炸药、乳化炸药、铵油炸药)在坑道内爆炸冲击波的传播特性和温度场分布情况进行了模拟计算,重点研究了工业炸药爆炸产生的超压与冲量破坏效应,并与传统高能炸药TNT进行对比分析。结果表明:2号岩石硝铵炸药爆炸产生的冲击波超压破坏作用和冲量破坏作用最大,乳化炸药次之,铵油炸药的破坏作用最小;爆炸均产生了明显二次超压破坏现象,其出现的原因是坑道局部出现冲击波聚焦现象;在高温灾害效应方面,2号岩石硝铵炸药的高温灾害效应最高,乳化炸药次之,铵油炸药最小。并将数值模拟结果与经验公式结果进行了比较,其吻合较好,证明了计算模型和参数选择的合理性。     

爆破作用下隧道围岩损伤红外热像分析

隧道在爆破荷载作用下的温度变化会使围岩遭受温度应力集中效应,造成围岩结构损伤,使隧道光爆成型质量差,如何避免围岩缺陷对隧道光爆成型质量的影响亟待研究与解决。以成渝高铁某隧道工程为背景,基于红外热像原理,对隧道掌子面光爆红外热像进行实验设计,从不同部位的节理裂隙岩体的红外温度异常区域的温度分布、温度变化范围等方面对围岩缺陷进行判断,分析其分布规律。研究结果表明:掌子面岩石具有明显的高温条带与低温区域相间的辐射温度场,节理裂隙处红外温度较低,岩石突变处红外温度较高;掌子面岩石破裂过程中红外温度异常,主要表现为阶梯状交替升降温,并明显出现高温区和低温区。研究结果可为隧道光爆炮孔布置、装药参数设计、围岩稳定性评价提供一定的科学依据。     

控制爆破技术在连拱隧道掘进应用的研究

九江至瑞昌高速公路A2标新合连拱隧道,穿越地层复杂,施工要求高。为保证工期和施工质量、安全,针对岩体特征及浅埋偏压段的实际,进行合理的超前支护;采用隧道光面爆破技术,经现场试验,对连拱隧道开挖爆破参数、装药结构和起爆网路进行优化设计;对钻爆、施工管理,提出了合理的质量要求和安全措施,实现了改善爆破效果、降低施工成本的目的。对类似隧道开挖施工具有一定的参考价值。     

Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions: Modulations on the Potential Barrier

Recently, ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) have attracted considerable attention for potential applications in next-generation memories, owing to attractive advantages such as high-density of data storage, nondestructive readout, fast write/read access, and low energy consumption. Herein, recent progress regarding FTJ devices is reviewed with an emphasis on the modulation of the potential barrier. Electronic and ionic approaches that modulate the ferroelectric barriers themselves and/or induce extra barriers in electrodes or at ferroelectric/electrode interfaces are discussed with the enhancement of memory performance. Emerging physics, such as nanoscale ferroelectricity, resonant tunneling, and interfacial metallization, and the applications of FTJs in nonvolatile data storage, neuromorphic synapse emulation, and electromagnetic multistate memory are summarized. Finally, challenges and perspectives of FTJ devices are underlined.