五种单体酶配伍对肉仔鸡生长性能及非淀粉多糖消化率的影响

研究在小麦基础日粮中添加五种单体酶制剂(木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、植酸酶和甘露聚糖酶)对1～21日龄肉仔鸡生长性能和非淀粉多糖(NSP)消化率的影响。试验将624只1日龄肉仔鸡按均匀设计方法随机分成13组,其中第13组为对照组,各处理组日粮为上述五种单体酶制剂的不同配伍添加在基础日粮中组成。结果表明,五种单体酶制剂的不同配伍能不同程度提高肉仔鸡生长性能和NSP的消化率。其最佳的配伍水平为:木聚糖酶450 u·kg-1、β-葡聚糖酶47 u·kg-1、纤维素酶333 u·kg-1、植酸酶135u·kg-1、甘露聚糖酶153 u·kg-1。     

牛初乳及过渡乳中类胰岛素生长因子-I含量测定及其变化

牛初乳及过渡乳中类胰岛素生长因子-I(IGF—I)含量随产后泌乳的进行急剧下降，泌乳前5d，初乳中的IGF—I以游离形态为主，游离IGF—I比例由71．1％下降到50.64％；之后过渡中的IGF-I主要以结合形态为主，结合态IGF—I的比例由51.41％上升到60.1％。从初乳到过渡乳中IGF—I存在形态的变化具有重要的生物学意义。     

小麦发芽过程中抑制根叶芽生长的研究

对氢氧化钠、甲醛、赤霉酸、溴酸钾等浸麦过程中的添加剂的添加量进行了研究，并将其对小麦芽的影响进行了比较。研究结果表明：氢氧化钠对于小麦芽生长的影响不显著，甲醛可以显著抑制根芽的生长，对叶芽的影响不显著；赤霉酸可以显著促进根芽和叶芽的生长，溴酸钾对小麦发芽有抑制作用。赤霉酸作为发芽促进剂的理想添加量为0．25ppm，采用甲醛(0．15％)与赤霉酸(0．25ppm)结合使用以及赤霉酸(0．25ppm)与溴酸钾(125ppm)结合处理，都可以在不影响麦芽溶解的情况下降低制麦损失2．0％左右。     

氮浓度对异养小球藻生长及蛋白质含量的影响

为了提高异养小球藻蛋白质含量低的问题,研究了异养小球藻生长及蛋白质含量和氮浓度的关系,探究了分阶段调控氮浓度对异养小球藻生长及蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,氮浓度在3～15mmol/L范围内,小球藻生物量及蛋白质含量随氮浓度增加而增加,生物量从0.91g/L提高到了3.02g/L,蛋白质含量从26.1%提高到了37.4%。分阶段培养小球藻,首先在低氮条件下培养至指数期前期,然后转移至高氮浓度下培养,生物量达3.04g/L,且蛋白质含量提高至53.8%,与自养培养条件下蛋白质含量相当。     

现代分离技术与装备在橙汁加工中的应用

现代科技的发展以及人类社会对食品安全、营养与健康要求的提升,推动了果蔬汁加工技术由传统型向现代产业型转变的进程。现代的果蔬汁加工除应用流体与流体输送、热力学（传导与热交换）、生物学（酶制剂）、制冷技术等工程原理之外,已经扩展到高效榨汁、固液分离、蒸发浓缩、蒸馏与精馏、萃取、吸附与离子交换、膜分离等物理分离技术与装备的应用方面。在橙汁加工中,不仅要求去除对橙汁风味、品质构成不利影响的橙皮精油、橙皮苷物质,同时还要求最大限度减少热敏物质及维生素C等成分的损失。讨论了采用物理分离技术与装备同其他作业单元的完美组合,限制对橙汁品质构成不利影响物质的引入,降低营养成分的损失,使得橙汁获得色、香、味俱佳品质的方法;并对备受关注的橙汁加工副产品橙皮渣废弃物转化为新资源进行综合利用,提升新的经济增长点提出了建议。     

两种微藻对高浓度酵母发酵废水中细胞耐受能力的比较

本文研究了蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa,简称C. py）和二形栅藻（Scenedesmus dimorphus NIES-119,简称NIES-119）在异养生长中对蔗糖的耐受浓度,进而比较了对高浓度酵母发酵废水的细胞耐受性。结果表明,C. py和NIES-119在蔗糖浓度高达70 g/L的培养基中仍有高比生长速率（0.90 d-1和0.63 d-1）,最大生物量浓度可达到3.37 g/L和2.84 g/L。酵母废水添加糖蜜后,COD可高达104~105 mg/L并伴随有总氮、总磷的高浓度,C. py和NIES-119在这类废水培养基中的最高比生长速率为0.43 d-1和0.42 d-1,最大生物量浓度可达到1.95 g/L和1.70 g/L,均极显著高于不加糖蜜的废水培养基中的最高值;同时,C. py对废水培养基中COD、总氮、总磷的最高去除率分别高达34.56%、20.00%和20.63%,NIES-119则分别高达21.46%、31.25%和16.11%。结果说明这两种微藻在耐受高浓度酵母废水、通过生长净化废水中都具有巨大潜力。     

两株烟草根际拮抗菌的生防和促生效果研究

使用植物根际促生细菌(PGPR)来防治土传病害是目前生物防治的研究热点。在温室内进行盆栽试验以研究从烟株根际筛选出的两株生防细菌对烟草黑胫病的防治和促生效果,试验设4个处理,分别为接种生防菌YC0573、YC0136、药剂对照(甲霜灵锰锌)和发病对照。结果表明,温室条件下YC0573和YC0136的防治效果分别达到90.9%和95.4%,均高于甲霜灵锰锌(86.4%);接种生防菌的烟株生长状况明显好于对照烟株。对不同生长期烟株叶片叶绿素含量、电解质相对渗透率以及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化氢酶等系统抗性相关指标进行测定,结果显示,两株拮抗菌可诱导烟株产生系统抗性(ISR),增强对病害的防御力,并且能有效防治烟草黑胫病,促进烟株生长,具有良好的应用潜力。     

Interior-architectured ZnO nanostructure for enhanced electrical conductivity via stepwise fabrication process

Fabrication of ZnO nanostructure via direct patterning based on sol-gel process has advantages of low-cost, vacuum-free, and rapid process and producibility on flexible or non-uniform substrates. Recently, it has been applied in light-emitting devices and advanced nanopatterning. However, application as an electrically conducting layer processed at low temperature has been limited by its high resistivity due to interior structure. In this paper, we report interior-architecturing of sol-gel-based ZnO nanostructure for the enhanced electrical conductivity. Stepwise fabrication process combining the nanoimprint lithography (NIL) process with an additional growth process was newly applied. Changes in morphology, interior structure, and electrical characteristics of the fabricated ZnO nanolines were analyzed. It was shown that filling structural voids in ZnO nanolines with nanocrystalline ZnO contributed to reducing electrical resistivity. Both rigid and flexible substrates were adopted for the device implementation, and the robustness of ZnO nanostructure on flexible substrate was verified. Interior-architecturing of ZnO nanostructure lends itself well to the tunability of morphological, electrical, and optical characteristics of nanopatterned inorganic materials with the large-area, low-cost, and low-temperature producibility.     

The role of hydrothermal pathways in the evolution of the morphology of ZnO crystals

Understanding growth mechanisms usually leads to the successful preparation of a targeted microstructure. However, the large number of parameters that influence the shape and the size of nanostructures often make it difficult to predict the outcome. We investigated the growth of wurtzite-type ZnO by closely following such a multistage process. We associated the diverse morphology of the precipitated crystals, prepared under the same hydrothermal conditions, to the differences in the transient crystallization processes during the precipitation. By altering the pH of the suspension after the precipitation, we gain control over the resulting morphology of the ZnO and show how to grow identical crystallites with different shapes and crystal sizes. Here we report, for the first time, on how ZnO platelets grow in a certain Zn²⁺/OH⁻ ratio along the basal and one of the prismatic directions to form sphalerites with very high surface area. We also offer an explanation as to how sphere-like hierarchical structures composed of plate- or rod-like ZnO crystals form through self-assembly driven processes.