Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of nano crystalline spinel LiMn2O4 showing good cycling performance in the 3 V range

Spherical lithium manganese oxide spinel was synthesized by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method, and has been characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transimission electron microscopy and electrochemical cycling at 3 V regions. The LiMn₂O₄ powders were composed of about 10 nm-sized primary particles. The delivered discharge capacity of the synthesized nano-material was 125 mAh g⁻¹ between 2.4 and 3.5 V and its retention was about 96% upon 50 cycling. From the high resolution transmission electron microscopic study, it was found that structural transition of the parent material did not occur even after the 50th electrochemical cycling on the 3 V region. It seems that the reversible structural change is possible for nanocrystalline LiMn₂O₄ as observed by the X-ray diffraction and transition electron microscopic observations.     

An XPS study of dispersion and valence state of TiO2 supported vanadium oxide catalysts

Monolayer vanadium species are mainly in the V(V) valence state, but with XPS a small fraction of V⁴⁺ species are identified. Prolonged analysis treatment increases the V⁴⁺ concentration. With increasing vanadium concentration, a monolayer coverage corresponding to 1 mg V₂O₅ per m² develops, and it contains additional layers with a thickness of about 250 Å at 4 mg V₂O₅ per m², covering 3% of its surface area.     

Electrochemical performance of nanocrystalline Li3V2(PO4)3/carbon composite material synthesized by a novel sol–gel method

A novel sol–gel method based on V₂O₅·nH₂O hydro-gel was developed to synthesize nanocrystalline Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/carbon composite material. In this route, V₂O₅·nH₂O hydro-gel, NH₄H₂PO₄, Li₂CO₃ and high-surface-area carbon were used as starting materials to prepare precursor, and the Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/carbon was obtained by sintering precursor at 750 °C for 4 h in flowing argon. The sol–gel synthesis ensures homogeneity of the precursors and improved reactivity. The sample was characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. X-ray diffraction results show Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ sample is monoclinic structure with the space group of P2₁/n. The TEM image indicates that the Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ particles modified by conductive carbon are about 70 nm in diameter. The Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/carbon system showed that the discharge capacities in the first and 50th cycle are about 155.3 and 143.6 mAh/g, respectively, in the range of 3.0–4.8 V. The sol–gel method is fit for the preparation of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/carbon composite material which may offer some favorable properties for commercial application.     

Destabilizing interactions between the partners of a bifunctional fusion protein

Hybrid MalE–GVP is a bifunctional protein in vitro sinceit binds maltose as protein MalE of Escherichia coli and sinceit is dimeric and specifically binds single-stranded DNA asprotein GVP of phage M13. The oxidation rate of a unique cysteineresidue was used to compare the stabilities of GVP in its freeand hybrid forms, under conditions where MalE was either foldedor unfolded by a denaturing agent. The results showed that boththe covalent link and tertiary non-covalent interactions betweenMalE and GVP destabilized GVP in MalE–GVP. To test whetherGVP had identical structures in its free and hybrid forms, mutationswere used as local conformational probes. The effects of thesemutations on the capabilities of MalE–GVP to dimerizeand to bind single-stranded DNA were assayed in vitro. Theywere compatible with the effects of the same mutations on theglobal activity of free GVP in vivo and with the effects thatcould be predicted from the known data on free GVP, in particularits crystal structure. Thus, one partner of a hybrid proteincan be destabilized by the other partner while maintaining itsstructural and functional characteristics.     

乌苏里江流域TRMM降水数据精度评价与修正

将地面站点观测的降水数据作为基准降水数据,评估汛期热带降雨观测计划(TRMM)降水产品3B42研究型数据(V7)与实时降水数据(RT)的日以及月尺度数据在黑龙江省乌苏里江流域的时空精度。结果表明:在时间尺度上,TRMM 3B42V7与3B42RT的日降水数据与站点降水数据相比,均系统性偏小,且相关性不是很好;相对而言,3B42RT与站点数据的偏差程度较小,相关性较好;月尺度数据与日尺度数据相比,月数据精度均有很大提高,且2种产品数据精度相差不大;在空间尺度上,TRMM 3B42V7和3B42RT都能较好地展现乌苏里江流域降水的空间分布特征。针对评估结果,使用加法和乘法模型对TRMM 3B42V7和3B42RT的月降水数据进行修正。修正后,2种TRMM卫星降水产品的月降水数据精度均有提高,并且加法模型修正效果更好。因此,可选取加法模型修正后的3B42RT月尺度降水数据用于汛期乌苏里江流域的相关水文研究。     

Straightforward modeling of dynamic I–V characteristics for microwave FETs

This work presents a straightforward approach aimed at modeling the dynamic I–V characteristics of microwave active solid‐state devices. The drain‐source current generator represents the most significant source of nonlinearity in a transistor and, therefore, its correct modeling is fundamental to predict accurately the current and voltage waveforms under large‐signal operation. The proposed approach relies on using a small set of low‐frequency time‐domain waveform measurements combined with numerical optimization‐based estimation of the nonlinear model parameters. The procedure is applied to a gallium nitride HEMT and silicon FinFET. The effectiveness of the modeling procedure in terms of prediction accuracy and generalization capability is demonstrated by validation of the extracted models under operating conditions different than the ones used for the parameters estimation. Good agreement between measurements and model simulations is achieved for both technologies and in both low‐ and high‐frequency range. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:109–116, 2014.     

软件测试模型的探讨

软件测试是软件工程的一个阶段,也是保障软件质量必不可少的重要一环。软件测试模型是软件测试的工作框架,用于指导软件测试过程。本文在深入研究各种综合测试技术的基础上,通过对比分析各种主流的测试模型,提出了一种新的软件测试模型,包括静态测试、动态测试,测试评估等活动,把这些活动嵌入到软件开发的整个生命周期,能更好地规划软件开发和测试等一系列活动,提高了软件生产效率及其质量,该模型还适合于迭代开发。     

氮化硅陶瓷高温摩擦学性能

本文研究热压氮化硅陶瓷与３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８Ｖ钢组成的销－盘摩擦副，在空气中非润滑条件下，４００～８００℃不同载荷（４９～３４３Ｎ）的摩擦磨损性能；测定了磨擦系数和Ｓｉ３Ｎ４销的磨损因子；通过对Ｓｉ３Ｎ４磨损面的ＳＥＭ形貌观察、Ｘ射线相结构分析，探讨了陶瓷销的磨损机理     

钛合金的粘接件的湿热耐久性研究

采用拉伸剪切强度试验和楔子试验研究了钛合金TI— 6A1— 4V/改性环氧接头在湿热条件下的耐久性 ,考察了环氧胶固化条件、表面处理方法对胶接接头耐久性的影响 ,由此得出最佳条件以得到相当好的接头耐久性     

Heterogeneous photocatalytic reduction of Fe(VI) in UV-irradiated titania suspensions: effect of ammonia

Results of the heterogeneous photocatalytic reduction of Fe(VI) in UV-irradiated TiO₂ suspensions in the presence of ammonia are presented. The initial rate of Fe(VI) reduction, R, may be expressed as R = k _Fe(VI)[Fe(VI)]^1.25 where k _Fe(VI) = a[Ammonia]+b), a = 6.0 × 10³ μm ^0.25 s and b = 4.1 × 10⁶ μm ^−1.25s⁻¹. The rate constant, k _Fe(VI), increases with the ammonia concentration. The photocatalytic oxidation of ammonia is enhanced in the presence of Fe(VI). A mechanism involving Fe(V) as a reactive intermediate is presented which explains the faster photocatalytic oxidation of ammonia in the presence of Fe(VI).