钒流电池用磺化聚芴醚酮-聚苯胺原位表面复合质子交换膜的制备

质子交换膜是液流电池的核心部件之一。文中以磺化聚芴醚酮(SPFEK)膜为基膜,采用稀溶液化学氧化聚合法在SPFEK膜表面原位复合一层聚苯胺,通过调整苯胺(An)单体的浓度,制得SPFEK/PANI复合膜。采用扫描电镜与红外光谱表征了复合膜的结构,表明聚苯胺已经成功地在SPFEK膜表面复合。通过钒流单电池的性能测试,结果表明,当苯胺单体的浓度为0.05 mol/L时,所制备的复合质子交换膜具有最高的H+传导选择性,所组装的钒流电池具有最好的自放电性能,在充放电流为50 m A/cm~2时,电池的库仑效率、电压效率、能量效率分别达到95%,83%,75%。     

太阳能吸收AAO复合氧化膜的制备与性能

通过阳极氧化技术制备高度有序的多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO),交流扩孔后,在不同条件下向氧化铝孔内以50Hz的交流频率沉积Cu-Ni纳米复合粒子。经光谱测试分析可知:在电压12V、时间600s、温度25℃条件下制备的涂层具有良好的太阳光吸收性能,吸收率为0.91、发射率为0.18、品质因子为4.9。经SEM,XRD分析可知,复合氧化膜涂层表面得到CuAl_2O_4/Cu-Ni复合纳米棒阵列。目标涂层经600℃高温处理后,吸收率、发射率波动很小,涂层体系的热稳定性得到提高。其中,CuAl_2O_4的存在限制高温环境下Cu,Ni金属颗粒在界面处的扩散,减小氧化概率。     

脉冲激光沉积VN/Ag复合薄膜的组织及摩擦学性能研究

利用脉冲激光沉积技术制备了不同Ag含量的VN/Ag复合薄膜,利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、纳米力学测试系统等设备表征薄膜的组织结构、成分、表面形貌及力学性能,利用UMT-3摩擦试验机考察薄膜在室温至900℃下的摩擦学性能。结果表明,随着Ag含量的增多,薄膜的组织形貌变差,硬度及弹性模量降低。当Ag含量为16%(原子分数)时薄膜在试验温度范围内的摩擦学性能最佳。由于Ag在低温的润滑特性及高温摩擦化学反应生成了新的润滑相,如V2O5、V6O11、V6O13、Ag3VO4、AgVO3等,使得摩擦系数随温度的升高而逐渐降低,在900℃下取得最低值0.08,实现了宽温域内的连续润滑。     

化学气相沉积法制备氮化硼纳米管的研究进展:反应装置、气源材料、催化剂

氮化硼纳米管(BNNTs)具有优良的耐高温、抗氧化、防辐射、绝缘和导热性能,因此,在航空航天、辐射屏蔽、热界面材料以及深紫外发射等领域具有潜在的应用前景。然而,高品质BNNTs的可控制备和批量生产仍然是学术和工业界的重大挑战。在BNNTs的众多制备方法中,化学气相沉积法(CVD)是最有潜力实现其可控制备的方法之一。但是,科学家们对于CVD法制备BNNTs的催化机理和影响因素尚未形成共识。鉴于此,文章从反应装置、氮源、硼源和催化剂4个方面对CVD法制备BNNTs进行了综述,并系统总结了相应的规律。在此基础上,分析了目前BNNTs可控制备中存在的问题,并对CVD法在BNNTs可控制备中的作用进行了展望,以期对今后BNNTs的制备起到借鉴作用。     

Ni包覆Al2O3粉体的RCVD法制备及机理研究

金属Ni包覆于陶瓷粉体的表面,可以促进其烧结、提高导电性或赋予新的功能性质.本文采用旋转化学气相沉积法(RCVD),利用二茂镍(NiCp_2)前驱体的热分解,借助载体氢气对反应的催化促进作用,在Al_2O_3粉体表面包覆了均匀分散的Ni纳米粒子,并研究了包覆温度和原料供应速率对反应产物物相、粒度和形貌的影响规律.研究表明,在包覆温度为450~550℃、前驱体二茂镍(NiCp_2)供给速率为(0.6~2.0)×10~(-6)kg/s条件下,通过对反应过程中镍纳米粒子的包覆温度和前驱体二茂镍(NiCp_2)供给速率调控可对镍纳米粒子的粒径大小和包覆层数进行调控.结合实验结果,分析了载体氢气对二茂镍反应的催化促进作用,阐述了旋转化学气相沉积条件下Ni纳米粒子在Al_2O_3粉体表面均匀包覆的过程与机制.通过调控包覆温度和原料供应速率,可以影响前驱体二茂镍的分解行为,从而调控镍纳米粒子在Al_2O_3粉体表面的包覆状态.     

An Approach to Synthesize Thick α- and γ-Al2O3 Coatings by High-Speed Physical Vapor Deposition

Crystalline α- and γ-Al₂O₃ exhibit in many applications high wear resistance, chemical resistance, and hot hardness, making them interesting materials for production engineering. To synthesize α-Al₂O₃ with high coating thickness of s ≥ 10 μm, chemical vapor deposition at temperatures T > 1000 °C is well established. However, there are almost no studies dealing with the synthesis of thick α-Al₂O₃ by physical vapor deposition (PVD) at high temperatures T > 700 °C. High-temperature deposition of thick coatings can be realized by means of the dense hollow cathode plasma, combined with the transport function of the plasma gas in high-speed (HS) PVD. Herein, crystalline α- and γ-Al₂O₃ films are deposited on cemented carbides at substrate temperatures T _s ≈ 570 °C and T _s ≈ 780 °C by HS-PVD. These coatings exhibit a thickness up to s = 20 μm. Moreover, phase analysis presents α-phases in coatings synthesized at substrate temperature of T _s ≈ 780 °C with significant higher hardness than films by T _s ≈ 570 °C. These release the potential of HS-PVD to synthesize α-Al₂O₃ coatings with high thickness. Thereby, a higher thickness of these coatings is beneficial for the wear protection of turning and die casting tools.     

Composition-Controllable Syntheses and Property Modulations from 2D Ferromagnetic Fe5Se8 to Metallic Fe3Se4 Nanosheets

Exploring new-type 2D magnetic materials with high magnetic transition temperature and robust air stability has attracted wide attention for developing innovative spintronic devices. Recently, intercalation of native metal atoms into the van der Waals gaps of 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has been developed to form 2D non-layered magnetic TMDs, while only succeeded in limited systems (e.g., Cr₂S₃, Cr₅Te₈). Herein, composition-controllable syntheses of 2D non-layered iron selenide nanosheets (25% Fe-intercalated triclinic Fe₅Se₈ and 50% Fe-intercalated monoclinic Fe₃Se₄) are firstly reported, via a robust chemical vapor deposition strategy. Specifically, the 2D Fe₅Se₈ exhibits intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetic property, which is explained by the change of electron spin states from layered 1T'-FeSe₂ to non-layered Fe-intercalated Fe₅Se₈ based on density functional theory calculations. In contrast, the ultrathin Fe₃Se₄ presents novel metallic features comparable with that of metallic TMDs. This work hereby sheds light on the composition-controllable synthesis and fundamental property exploration of 2D self-intercalation induced novel TMDs compounds, by propelling their application explorations in nanoelectronics and spintronics-related fields.     

Production of perovskite-like La1−xCaxMnO3+δ ferromagnetic thin films by electrochemical reduction

Ferromagnetic and perovskite-like thin films (<1m) of La1–xCaxMnO3+ have been routinely prepared by heat treatment of an amorphous La–Ca–Mn precursor. The precursor was electrodeposited cathodically in the absence of oxygen and water onto polished silver substrates from a nonaqueous solution of the components' nitrates. Analysis by X-ray diffraction and SQUID magnetometry shows these materials exhibit the appropriate structural and magnetic phases indicative of colossal magnetoresistance.     

Electrochemical deposition of polypyrrole/graphene oxide composite on microelectrodes towards tuning the electrochemical properties of neural probes

By exploiting the electrostatic interaction between positively charged pyrrole cation radicals and negatively charged graphene oxide (GO) sheets, we prepared polypyrrole/graphene oxide (PPy/GO) composite films by a one-step electrochemical process. We studied the effects of the polymerization current density and the GO content in electrolyte on the formation of PPy/GO coatings onto platinum neural microelectrode sites. As compared with pure PPy film, PPy/GO coatings show a rougher surface feature with micrometer-scale bulges. The impedance of the PPy/GO coated Pt electrode is only about 10% of the bare Pt electrode at the biological relevant 1 kHz, while the charge capacity density is more than two orders of the magnitude of the bare Pt electrode. Moreover, the PPy/GO coated Pt electrodes show higher performance than the PPy coated electrodes for the application of neural probe.