20世纪90年代以来中国城市形态演变的基本总结

该文基本总结了20世纪90年代以来我国城市形态的演变,指出外延跳跃是城市形态演变的主要形式;以产业空间为中心的新空间将主导城市形态的演变。     

"城市特色"的三个基本特征

城市特色问题是建筑学领域目前比较热门的问题之一。从探讨城市特色形成的一些基本要素出发,提出城市特色有三个基本的特征,即整体性、相对性和主观性。其中,整体性是城市形成特色的一个最基本的必要条件,而相对性和主观性,则是城币特色在被人认知过程中的通常表现出的特征。     

城镇勘测定界中运用Visual LISP语言快速制作宗地图

本文介绍了用Visual LISP语言编程在AutoCAD软件环境下快速制作宗地图,自动注记距离、面积、点号,并改线型、缩比例尺,充分运用子程序,减小文件字节,方便操作,提高效率。     

Modbus协议在消防联动远程监控系统中的应用

针对目前建筑物内消防联动设备在实际使用过程中暴露出的问题,研究设计了一种基于Modbus通信协议的消防联动系统.以PC机为主站.带通信接口的智能控制器为从站,Modbus协议实现计算机与现场智能控制器之间的数据传输.介绍了Modbus通信协议和串口通信技术.给出了单片机的RS485通信电路设计方案.以及使用C18编写支持Modbus协议的控制器软件的通信模块设计方法.阐述了基于VC 的上位机监控软件设计的关键技术及实现的具体功能.     

隧道监测信息管理与预警系统的研发及应用

针对隧道施工过程中监测的大量数据难于管理和分析的问题,采用Microsoft Visual C++集成编程环境和SQL Server 2000数据库开发了具有高度实用性、可靠性和扩展性的隧道监测信息管理与预警系统。该系统包含了隧道的勘查、设计和施工的相关资料,重点突出了测点监测数据的存储、处理、查询、分析和预测预警以及报表的自动输出功能。其中预测预警模块以累计位移量、位移速率和位移速率变化趋势作为围岩稳定性的综合判断依据,并根据工程监测经验给出了警戒级别的划分方法,能实时指导隧道工程的施工过程,规避可能存在的风险,保证隧道施工安全可靠。     

碳绞线体外预应力梁的基频分析

通过理论公式推导、有限元软件（ANSYS）分析以及试验研究等方法,对体外预应力碳绞线对简支梁基频的影响进行了分析。理论公式推导中,利用由分布质量梁模型得到的自由振动方程,对Ayaho Miyamoto等人给出的公式进行了修正和扩充,考虑了预应力筋在锚固点既有水平位移又有竖直位移的影响;推导出各种线型布置下梁的自振频率计算公式。分析结果表明,体外预应力简支梁与普通钢筋混凝土简支梁的基频没有显著区别,近似计算方法具有实用性。     

中国消防实施“科技强消”战略探讨

本文提出了实施“科技强消”战略的论断,指出了实施该战略的客观必要性和迫切性,提出了实施该战略的基本思路和所要达到的目标、实现途径及对策。     

Assessing landscape perception of urban rocky habitats

The urban landscape structure and its changing characteristics have produced various effects on natural and human systems of its own and surroundings [Gilbert OL. The ecology of urban habitats. London: Chapman & Hall; 1991 [1]; Rebele F. Urban ecology and special features of urban ecosystems. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 1994;4:173–87 [2]; Rees WE. Urban ecosystems: the human dimension. Urban Ecosystems 1997;1:63–75 [3]; Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML, Grove JM, Nilon CH, Pouyat RV, Zipperer WC, et al. Urban ecological systems: linking terrestrial ecological, physical, and socioeconomic components of metropolitan areas. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 2001;32:127–57 [4]; Hope D, Gries C, Zhu WX, Fagan WF, Redman CL, Grimm NB, et al., Socioeconomics drive urban plant diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2003;100(15):8788–92 [5]; Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML, Grove JM. Resilient cities: meaning, models, and metaphor for integrating the ecological, socio-economic, and planning realms, Landscape and Urban Planning 2004;69(4):369–84 [6]; Luck M, Jianguo Wu J. A gradient analysis of urban landscape pattern: a case study from the Phoenix metropolitan region, Arizona, USA. Landscape Ecology 2002:17(4):327–39 [7]; Angold PG, Sadler JP, Hill MO, Pullin A, Rushton S, Austin K, et al., Biodiversity in urban habitat patches. Science of the Total Environment 2006;360(1–3):196–204 [8]]. By environmental literature conducted recently, it has been evidently comprehended that urban life quality for mankind and others can be improved by serving these systems with green and living elements. This study is to investigate urban rocky habitats that have special natural characteristics and that can be implicated for urban green areas. But these habitats have been considered as nature splits withstanding against the urban pressures by means of the unplanned build-up activities foremost, and road construction, poor quality or neglected remnants. Therefore, this study presents the environmental perception and preferences of urban rocky habitats which are threatening within excessive urbanization and human use of natural areas in the context of the city of Trabzon, Turkey. So, a total of 20 habitats selected from urban and surroundings were surveyed by using a questionnaire and landscape assessment approach. With surveying performed on 204 participants, visual preferences, landscape attributes and proposed management options for urban nature conservation were determined. The χ²${\chi }^2$-test results revealed clearly that the demographic and expertise status of the participants were correlated with the preferences for types of rocky habitat scene and management options. The scenes with natural elements and less human disturbance obtained higher scores on visual preferences than any of the urban rocky scenes lacking these characteristics. Also, in the quantitative phase, factor analysis based on principal component structure revealed the ‘visual and spatial effects’, the ‘usage and arrangement’, the ‘naturalness and ecological value’, and the ‘functionality’ components of the scenes. Consequently, some implications for the effective and efficient planning and development of urban nature conservation by assisting the better understanding of the various patterns of landscape preference, choice and satisfaction in habitats under the present study were suggested.     

An evaluation model for indoor environmental quality (IEQ) acceptance in residential buildings

The indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in residential buildings is examined from the prospect of an occupant's acceptance in four aspects: thermal comfort, indoor air quality, noise level and illumination level. Based on the evaluations by 125 occupants living in 32 typical residential apartments in Hong Kong, this study proposes empirical expressions to approximate the overall IEQ acceptance with respect to four contributors, namely operative temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, equivalent noise level and illumination level, via a multivariate logistic regression model. A range of IEQ acceptances for regular residential conditions is determined and the dependence of the predicted overall IEQ acceptance on the variations of the contributors is discussed. The proposed overall IEQ acceptance can be used as a quantitative assessment criterion for similar residential environments where an occupant's evaluation is expected.     

建筑形态表皮——以澳门妈阁酒店设计为例

建筑表皮化创作趋向有主观因素和客观因素的影响,该文重点分析在城市商业价值高的地段,常常受到用地范围、用地强度、建筑高度限制等因素的制约,使得建筑设计面临"唯一平面","唯一体块"的状况,并在研究其应对策略的基础上提出"形态表皮设计"的概念,并分析其三个层面的设计手法.最后结合实例--澳门妈阁酒店设计,进一步进行了论证.