X射线聚束透镜原理及其应用

本文阐述了一种新型的Ｘ射线聚束装置─—Ｘ射线透镜的聚束原理。给出了透镜的基本设计方法，并对它应用于Ｘ射线光刻研究领域的前景作了展望。     

Stress in Thin Films;Diffraction Elastic Constants and Grain Interaction

Untextured bulk polycrystals usually possess macroscopically isotropic elastic properties whereas for most thin films transvers isotropy is expected,owing to the limited dimenionlity .The usually applied models for the calculation of elstic constants of polycrystals from single crystal elastic contants(so-called grain interaction models)erroneously predict macroscopic isotropy for an(untextured) thin film.This paper presents a summary of recent work where it has been demonstrated for the first time by X-ray diffraction analysis of stresses in thin films that elastic grain interaction can lead to macroscopically anisotropic behaviour (shown by non-linear sin^2φ plots).A new grain interaction model,predictin the macroscopically anisotropic behaviour of thin films,is proposed.     

功率管焊接质量射线检测

介绍采用射线方法检测功率管芯片与基座之间的焊接质量。试验证明，选用合适的透照参数可使X射线照相和X射线实时成像对焊接部位的检测均得到较高的对比灵敏度，但X射线照相法成本低廉，一次可透照多个工件，效率高，为该功率管焊接质量的理想检测方法。     

完善组装工艺与实施统计过程控制(SPC)

本文主要说明了X射线分层摄影法的在线检测，统计过程控制（SPC）在BGA装配中的应用，并通过BGA定位、制程能力、焊料桥接、焊料开路、焊料短路和把SPC应用于BGA，进一步简术了装配工艺与履行统计过程控制的关系。     

The hydration phase and pore structure formation in the blends of sulfoaluminate-belite cement with Portland cement

Sulfoaluminate-belite (SAB) cements are an attractive class of low-energy cements from the viewpoint of saving energy and releasing less CO₂ into the atmosphere during their production. Their hydraulic activity, however, does not match that of the ordinary Portland cement (PC) and needs improvement before they can be used on their own. However, SAB cements when blended with PC have the potential to be used effectively in traditional applications as shown by this study. Mortars made with blends of SAB cements and PC, and a cement-to-sand ratio of 1:3 by weight and a water-to-cement ratio of 0.5, indicate a superior protection against corrosion of steel to those made with blends of PC and blast-furnace slag (BFSPC). The prepared mortars were stored at 20 °C for 90 days under either a 60% relative humidity (RH)-dry air, or 100% RH-wet air conditions. With further improvement in the SAB cement quality through better understanding of their characteristics, a genuine competition between SAB/PC and BFSPC can be expected in practice.     

A hexane solution deposition of SnS2 films from tetrabutyltin via a solvothermal route at moderate temperature

SnS₂ films have been deposited on glass and alumina plate substrates by the reactions between an organotin precursor [tetrabuyltin, (CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃)₄Sn] and carbon disulfide in n-hexane at the temperature range 180-200 °C for 10-40 h. The reaction system was oxygen free and applied at a moderate temperature. The films so prepared were characterized by techniques of X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopies. The films deposited on glass as well as on alumina plate have an average thickness of 30 μm, but have different rose-like morphologies, which are influenced by both the anisotropic growths of crystals and the different substrate structures. Photoluminescence measurements show that the films have an emission peak at approximately 590 nm.     

Studies on the structural and ionic transport properties at elevated temperatures of La1−xMnO3±δ synthesized by a wet chemical method

Structural transformation and ionic transport properties are investigated on wet-chemically synthesized La_1−xMnO₃ (x=0.0–0.18) compositions. Powders annealed in oxygen/air at 1000–1080 K exhibit cubic symmetry and transform to rhombohedral on annealing at 1173–1573 K in air/oxygen. Annealing above 1773 K in air or in argon/helium at 1473 K stabilized distorted rhombohedral or orthorhombic symmetry. Structural transformations are confirmed from XRD and TEM studies. The total conductivity of sintered disks, measured by four-probe technique, ranges from 5 S cm⁻¹ at 298 K to 105 S cm⁻¹ at 1273 K. The ionic conductivity measured by blocking electrode technique ranges from 1.0×10⁻⁶ S cm⁻¹ at 700 K to 2.0×10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at 1273 K. The ionic transference number of these compositions ranges from 3.0×10⁻⁵ to 5.0×10⁻⁵ at 1273 K. The activation energy deduced from experimental data for ionic conduction and ionic migration is 1.03–1.10 and 0.80–1.00 eV, respectively. The activation energy of formation, association and migration of vacancies ranges from 1.07 to 1.44 eV.     

ST-102C式NaI(Tl)晶体中KX射线逃逸率的计算

本文对ST-102C式NaI(Tl)晶体中碘原子K层X射线的五种主要成分K_(α1)、K_(α2)、K_(β1)、K_(β2)和 K_(β3)的逃逸率分别进行了计算,然后根据五种 X 射线的相对强度进一步计算了加权平均逃逸率。计算中所选用的初始入射 X 射线能量在33.5—1000keV 之间。     

Control of polymerization processes of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid LB films

Studies have been carried out on KrF excimer laser light (EX), X-ray or electron beam (EB) induced polymerization of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PDA) Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films in relation to molecular density or molecular arrangement of the films using X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The molecular arrangement or density of the PDA LB films was controlled by subphase conditions when the films were built up, such as pH, temperature of a subphase or salt concentration in the subphase. Polymerization sensitivity of the PDA LB film was affected by the arrangement or molecular density. On low density (A type) films the polymerization occurred by irradiation with EX, X-ray or EB, but on high density (B type) films the polymerization occurred only when the irradiation was carried out by high energy beams such as X-ray or EB. Decomposition of polymerized films was observed further by excessive irradiation of EX or X-ray, but not on the B type films. It was revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis that in the A type film, the PDA molecules bent to a larger extent than those in the B type film and the polymerization proceeded topochemically, that is, the thickness decreased little after EB irradiation in a helium atmosphere. On the other hand, in the B type film, the thickness decreased by about 10% as a result of EB irradiation. By IR reflection-absorption (RA) and Raman measurements, it was confirmed that conjugated diacetylenic bonds disappeared and conjugated double and new conjugated triple bonds appeared after high energy beam irradiations. These results support the supposition that 1,4-polymerization, i.e. polydiacetylene type polymerization, occurs easily in the A type film and 1,2- or 3,4-polymerization, i.e. polyacetylene type polymerization, occurs in the B type film, and that the polymerized A type film was decomposed at the polydiacetylenic bond when the irradiation continued further. It was also shown that the polyacetylene type polymer was obtained only when the B type film was irradiated with the high energy beam.