深井重泥浆弱凝胶工艺技术初探

重泥浆强凝胶体系对钴井会产生不利影响。笔者结合川东地区的实际情况,分析了重泥浆强凝胶形成的原因和重泥浆弱凝胶的形成机制,提出了形成重泥浆弱凝胶体系的核心和设计原则,总结出了一套以正确使用泥浆添加剂并配合强有力的固控措施为主的成套深井重泥浆弱凝胶工艺技术,介绍了这套技术在川东地区的应用情况。实践证明,少用甚至不用泥浆降粘剂就可获得并维持尽可能低的静切力,使τ_s,10s为0.5—6Pα、τ_s,10min为2—12.5Pα。     

基于田间试验的不同处理甘蔗吸收S素养分参数研究

在田间以不同处理进行甘蔗吸S试验,结果表明:不同处理间甘蔗吸收S素养分量为:1.16～1.54 g/kg,且各处理间差异不显著;施用S素肥料对甘蔗有一定的增产效果,施S各处理比CK(不施S)增产1.12%～9.82%,以处理NPKS2施用量60 kg/hm2效果较佳,增产9.82%。甘蔗S吸收量在1.16～1.21 g/kg范围内与甘蔗产量呈正效应,过之则呈负效应;甘蔗吸收S素养分量的临界值为1.21 g/kg;甘蔗施用S肥的当季肥料利用率为19.10%。     

黑龙江省甜菜优化施肥技术研究

在黑龙江省黑土和白浆土甜菜主产区,采用3×3优化施肥设计开展甜菜优化施肥研究.试验结果表明,黑龙江省甜菜高产施肥氮和钾的适宜用量为90 - 135kg/hm2,磷的适宜用量为80 - 120kg/hm2,氮磷钾的适宜比例为N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.11∶1∶1.12.不施氮肥平均减产33.8％,不施磷肥平均减产21.1％,不施钾肥平均减产21.6％.从产量和含糖率综合考虑,最佳处理为N2P2K2,即N 90kg/hm2、P2O80kg/hm2、K2090 kg/hm2,较对照平均增产31.9％,含糖率平均增加1.08个百分点.建立了三种不同土壤的甜菜高产施肥模型.     

Enzymatic synthesis of sugar esters and their potential as surface-active stabilizers of coconut milk emulsions

Sugar esters are compounds with surfactant properties (biosurfactants), i.e., capable of reducing the surface tension and promote the emulsification of immiscible liquids. On the other hand, as with all emulsions, coconut milk is not physically stable and is prone to phase separation. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the synthesis of fructose, sucrose and lactose esters from the corresponding sugars using Candida antarctica type B lipase immobilized in two different supports, namely acrylic resin and chitosan, and evaluate its application in the stabilization of coconut milk emulsions. The enzyme immobilized on chitosan showed the highest yield of lactose ester production (84.1%). Additionally, the production of fructose ester was found to be higher for the enzyme immobilized on the acrylic resin support (74.3%) as compared with the one immobilized on chitosan (70.1%). The same trend was observed for the sucrose ester, although with lower percentage yields. Sugar esters were then added to samples of fresh coconut milk and characterized according to their surface tension, emulsification index and particle size distribution. Although the microscopic analysis showed similar results for all sugar esters, results indicated lactose ester as the best biosurfactant, with a surface tension of 38.0 N/m and an emulsification index of 54.1%, when used in a ratio of 1:10 (biosurfactant:coconut milk, v/v) for 48 h experiments.     

不同生长调节剂对果蔗产量和品质的影响研究(上)

研究结果表明:植物龙既能使果蔗显著增产,又能使果蔗增加甘蔗糖分,还能降低蔗茎纤维份而使蔗茎更加泡脆,是唯一可在果蔗生产上单独应用的生长调节剂;稀施美能使果蔗极显著增产、蔗茎纤维份降低而变得更泡脆,但却会使果蔗糖分轻微下降,故其要与植物龙配合施用才可在果蔗生产上应用;硕丰481能使果蔗增产极显著,纤维份含量降低,蔗茎泡度增加,但却会使果蔗糖分明显降低,故其也要与植物龙配合施用才可应用于果蔗生产;喜田宝能使果蔗显著增产,蔗茎泡度增加,但却会使果蔗糖分明显降低,也必须与植物龙配合施用才能在果蔗生产上应用;赤霉素能使果蔗明显增产,蔗茎变泡,但却会使果蔗糖分降低,也必须与植物龙配合施用才可在果蔗生产上应用。     

硼对烤烟生理生化及产质量的影响

本试验对烤烟的Ｂ＾３＋肥效应进行了研究。结果表明,施用适量的Ｂ＾３＋,可促进烤烟生长发育,改善其植物学性状,增加色素含量,提高光合强度和蒸腾速率,使烟叶增产、增质、增收。同时还发现Ｂ＾３＋能使烟株提前２～３ｄ现蕾开花,中下部烟叶提前落黄采收。这一特性,对烤烟生产具有重要的作用。     

广西贵港市甘蔗生长和产量性状的研究

研究了广西贵港市甘蔗生长特点及其与环境气候条件的关系,生产大田和“吨糖田”甘蔗生长的特点及其差异,性状间的相关性及其对产量的效应。结果表明;３月底前,主要受到有效温度低的影响,甘蔗地上部生长缓慢,４月份后,随着有效温度的有盟显回升及伴随着降雨量的同期增加,甘蔗生长加快,宿根蔗株高生长速于６月初率先达到最大,进入大生长期,冬植蔗和春植蔗则相继推迟约１周和３周到达,而１２～１月份经催芽下种结合地膜覆盖栽培的“吨糖田”则提早约２周进入大生长期,且绝对生长速最大;９月上中旬后,温度虽高,但降雨量明显减少,使到各植期甘蔗提早结束大生长期,株高生长明显减少,直至收获为止;生产大田的高产甘蔗（亩产５～６．６ｔ）与中产（亩产３～４．９９ｔ）及低产甘蔗（亩产３．０ｔ）间的最大差异是茎长,其次是茎数,而茎径最小;与“吨糖田”（亩产     

An experimental and theoretical study on the prediction of forming limit diagrams using new BBC yield criteria and M–K analysis

In the present paper, a comprehensive study on the prediction of forming limit diagrams (FLDs) for an AA3003-O aluminium alloy is developed theoretically and experimentally. For obtaining the experimental FLDs, an out-of-plane formability test was performed based on the technique proposed by Ozturk and Lee [F. Ozturk, D. Lee, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 170 (2005) 247–253]. The classical Marciniak–Kuczynski (M–K) model and some new yield criteria are utilized to simulate the necking phenomenon and calculate the limit strains theoretically. The employed yield functions are: the BBC2000, BBC2002, and BBC2003 yield criteria proposed by Banabic et al. [D. Banabic, S.D. Comsa, T. Balan, in: Proceedings of the Cold Metal Forming 2000 Conference, Cluj-Napoca, 2000, p. 217; D. Banabic, T. Kuwabara, T. Balan, D.S. Comsa, D. Julean, Int. J. Mech. Sci. 45 (2003) 797–811; D. Banabic, H. Aretz, D.S. Comsa, L. Paraianu, Int. J. Plast. 21 (2005) 493–512]. To calibrate and determine each particular coefficients of performed yield functions an appropriate error-function is defined and minimized by a Newton algorithm. To compare the calculated yield stresses and r-values with experimental data a relative root mean square deviation method presented by Leacock [Alan G. Leacock, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 54 (2006) 425–444] is used. Work-hardening effects on the FLD are analyzed by using Swift and Voce hardening laws. The effect of yield surface on the prediction of numerical FLDs and the number of experimental anisotropy parameters on the accuracy of yield functions are also studied.     

不同NPK配置对强筋小麦群体生物量与产量的效应研究

在关中川道灌区以强筋小麦陕253为材料,研究了不同NPK配置对其不同生育期生物产量、群体数量和产量的效应,结果表明提高施肥量可显著增加生物产量、群体数量及产量,处理平均值分别比常规处理增加11.9%~43.6%、4.1%~17.4%和8.3%,其最佳N、P、K配置依次为N135kg hm-2,P2O5和K2O各120kg hm-2、N135kg hm-2,P2O5225kghm-2,K2O120kg hm-2和N225kg hm-2,P2O5和K2O各120kg hm-2。在目前常规投肥水平下适度增加钾肥有利于生物产量的显著提高,增加磷肥和钾肥有利于群体数量的提高,增施氮钾肥有显著的增产效果。产量的最佳NPK配比较常规处理增产19.1%,其增加养分的平均产量4.44 kg kg-1,比各处理平均养分产量高1.6倍。     

Collapse Behavior of Compacted Silty Clay in Suction-Monitored Oedometer Apparatus

This paper presents a methodology to investigate the collapse behavior of unsaturated soils using suction-monitored oedometer tests. By incorporating independent suction measurement, the oedometer apparatus is capable of following the same stress paths as in double oedometer tests, while continuously monitoring the suction. The proposed method has been used to investigate the collapse behavior of a compacted silty clay and to confirm the uniqueness of the loading-collapse surface as identified from loading and wetting paths. A new mathematical form of the yield surface within an elastoplastic framework is proposed on the basis of test results over a wide range of suctions (0 to 30,000?kPa) and net stresses (up to 7,000?kPa). The fundamental assumptions of the newer type of elastoplastic framework, which incorporate the degree of saturation within their stress variables, are evaluated, and the limitations of such models are identified. The collapse behavior of samples with different fabrics induced by differing compaction characteristics is also investigated within an elastoplastic framework. The difference in fabric, which is observed through a petrological microscope, can be presented in a quantitative way with different model parameters.