Low‐field NMR: A tool for studying protein aggregation

Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin–spin relaxation (T₂) measurements were used to study the denaturation and aggregation of β‐lactoglobulin (β‐LG) solutions of varying concentrations (1–80 g L^?1) as they were heated at temperatures ranging from ambient up to 90 °C. For concentrations of 1–10 g L^?1, the T₂ of β‐LG solutions did not change, even after heating to 90 °C. A decrease in T₂ was only observed when solutions having higher concentrations (20–80 g L^?1) were heated. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and fluorescence tests using the dye 1‐anilino‐8‐naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) on 0.2 and 1 g L^?1 solutions, respectively, indicated there were changes in the protein's secondary and tertiary conformations when the β‐LG solutions reached 70 °C and above. In addition, dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that protein aggregation occurred only at concentrations above 10 g L^?1 and for heating at 70 °C and above. The hydrodynamic radius increased as T₂ decreased. When excess 2‐mercaptoethanol was added, the changes in both T₂ and the hydrodynamic radius followed the same trend for all β‐LG protein concentrations between 1 and 40 g L^?1. These observations led to the conclusion that the changes in T₂ were due to protein aggregation, not protein unfolding. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

脂肪酸燕麦β-葡聚糖酯结构对其临界自聚集浓度和胶束粒径的影响

采用响应曲面法探讨了脂肪酸燕麦β-葡聚糖酯(fatty acid oatβ-glucan esters,FAOGE)的结构对其临界聚集浓度(critical aggregation concentration,CAC)值和胶束粒径的影响。考察的FAOGE结构参数包括:燕麦β-葡聚糖的分子质量(7.4×10~4~16.8×10~4 D)、取代度(0.010±0.002~0.030±0.002)和酰基链长(6、8、10)。结果表明:不同结构的FAOGE溶液的CAC值在质量浓度为0.050~0.165 mg/m L的范围内,其大小随着取代度、酰基链长的降低或β-葡聚糖分子质量的增加而增加。结构参数对CAC值的影响顺序为:酰基链长取代度燕麦β-葡聚糖分子质量。不同结构的FAOGE自聚集体的平均粒径在264.7~530.9 nm的范围内,且随着取代度、酰基链长的降低及β-葡聚糖分子质量的增加而逐渐增加,结构参数对自聚集体的平均粒径的影响顺序为:取代度酰基链长燕麦β-葡聚糖分子质量。     

烹饪熟度对牛肉肌原纤维蛋白结构特性和氧化特性的影响

为了研究烹饪过程肌原纤维蛋白结构的变化规律,本研究以不同熟度(未加热处理(对照组)、一分熟、三分熟、五分熟、七分熟、全熟和过熟)的牛背最长肌肌原纤维蛋白为研究对象,分析比较在熟制过程中,烹饪熟度对蛋白聚集特性、氧化程度的影响,并检测蛋白二级结构相对含量的变化.结果表明,烹饪过程明显影响肌原纤维蛋白的聚集行为、氧化特性和...     

水酶法提取大豆油乙醇冷浴破乳工艺及油脂聚集状态的研究

采用乙醇冷浴破乳法对水酶法提取大豆油过程中形成的乳状液和水解液进行破乳研究,确定乙醇冷浴破乳最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数80%,酶解液与乙醇体积比1∶1,冷浴温度-30℃,冷浴时间30min。对常温乙醇破乳、冷冻解冻破乳、乙醇冷浴破乳3种方法进行比较,发现采用乙醇冷浴破乳法优势明显,具有较高破乳率(93.64%)和游离油得率(88.79%)。通过显微切片观察可知,对乳状液进行常温乙醇破乳和冷冻解冻破乳后,仍有一小部分油滴存在于油水界面间剩余的黏稠物中不能被释放;而采用乙醇冷浴破乳可使起乳化作用的蛋白质等物质变性沉淀,油水界面已经不存在黏稠物,几乎达到完全破乳。此外,与乳状液相比,水解液中的脂肪球暴露的更多,且彼此靠的更近,这说明水解液中脂肪球更易于聚集成油滴而被释放。     

Moisture-induced aggregation of alpha-lactalbumin: effects of temperature, cations, and pH

Abstract: Alpha‐lactalbumin is an important dairy protein ingredient, and has been widely used in high‐protein foods such as infant formula and nutritional bars for its nutritional and functional properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the moisture‐induced aggregation of alpha‐lactalbumin in premixed protein dough model systems, and to illustrate the effects of temperature, cations, and pH on the progress of protein aggregation. Our results suggested that storage temperature was a critical factor for protein aggregation in model systems, and the formation of protein aggregates became faster with increases in storage temperature. Calcium significantly improved the thermal stability of alpha‐lactalbumin and slowed down the formation of protein aggregates. The increases in pH accelerated the aggregation of alpha‐lactalbumin. Our results also suggested that the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds together with noncovalent interactions are the main mechanisms resulting in the moisture‐induced aggregation of alpha‐lactalbumin in model systems. Practical Application: Alpha‐lactalbumin is an important dairy protein ingredient, and has been widely used in high‐protein foods such as infant formula and nutritional bars for its nutritional and functional properties. Our results suggested low storage temperature, the presence of calcium and low pH condition can make high‐protein food products containing alpha‐lactalbumin more stable.     

三硅氧烷型吡啶类离子液体表面活性剂的合成与表征

通过两步法制备了一种三硅氧烷型吡啶类离子液体表面活性剂([Si(3)Py]Cl),用IR、1H NMR和13C NMR对产物的结构进行表征,表面活性和聚集行为通过表面张力仪、动态光散射(DLS)和负染色透射电镜(TEM)进行测量.结果表明:[Si(3)Py]Cl具有良好的表面活性,其cmc为24.81 mmol/L,γcmc为23.04 mN/m,在水溶液中能聚集成直径为50~100 nm的囊泡.     

大豆蛋白水解多肽的动态聚集

研究了大豆分离蛋白(SPI)水解多肽的动态聚集.采用高效分子排阻色谱(SE-HPLC)分析可以看出水解过程中不明聚集物的出现.同时探讨了浊度法结合蛋白酶抑制剂PMSF对这一动态聚集行为的可行性,并利用此方法比较了不同温度条件下水解多肽聚集行为的变化.结果表明:高温有利于多肽的聚集,而低温有利于稳定最终聚集物的结构.     

Fermatean fuzzy linguistic set and its application in multicriteria decision making

In this paper, we propose the concept of Fermatean fuzzy linguistic term sets based on linguistic term sets and Fermatean fuzzy sets. The basic operational laws, the score function, and the accuracy function of Fermatean fuzzy linguistic numbers are provided. Then we propose the Fermatean fuzzy linguistic weighted aggregation operator, the Fermatean fuzzy linguistic weighted geometric operator, and the Fermatean fuzzy linguistic distance measures. Furthermore, we extend the TOPSIS method to the proposed distance measures, and the ranking of alternatives is obtained under a Fermatean fuzzy linguistic environment. An example is provided to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, and a comparison with the existing method is also analyzed. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the parameter in the proposed distance measure is also discussed.     

On the association between poly(vinyl alcohol) and sodium dodecyl sulfate and its effect on liquid–liquid interfacial tension: A mathematical model

Association between poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) copolymer (PVA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was studied experimentally and theoretically. It was found that, for the ethyl acetate-aqueous phase interface in which PVA was previously adsorbed, the interfacial tension (γ) increases abruptly to a maximum and then exhibits a relatively mild decay with the addition of SDS to the aqueous phase. The theoretical results indicate that vinyl acetate (VAc) segments determine γ. However, for relatively low concentrations of SDS (C_SDS), this latter plays a major role because through its association with the VAc segments it modulates the extent to which PVA is adsorbed at the interface, indirectly determining the value of γ. As C_SDS approaches to the CMC value for SDS, its influence on γ decreases because SDS tends to self-assembly rather than associates with VAc. These model predictions are consistent with experimental findings reported in the literature.