Solution for the Closed-Loop Problem in Pressurized Multipipe Systems

The fundamental background of the solution for the steady-state flow in pressurized water closed-loop pipe systems, without any reservoirs in-between, is presented in this paper. The use of the steady-state mass balance and energy equations to calculate discharges and heads in this type of hydraulic system leads to an undetermined problem. The way to solve this indeterminacy is to consider an additional continuity equation associated with the difference between initial and final conditions, taking into account fluid compressibility and pipe-wall deformability. A complete formulation is derived considering pressure and temperature changes in the hydraulic system. Simplified formulae are presented for isothermal flows in simple systems and multiple closed-loops with pipes in series and in parallel. This problem can also be solved by a pseudotransient analysis technique applied to steady-state conditions. Proposed solutions for this problem are applied to steady-state flows and tested for different system configurations.     

A support vector machine integrated system for the classification of operation anomalies in nuclear components and systems

A support vector machine (SVM) approach to the classification of transients in nuclear power plants is presented. SVM is a machine-learning algorithm that has been successfully used in pattern recognition for cluster analysis. In the present work, single- and multiclass SVM are combined into a hierarchical structure for distinguishing among transients in nuclear systems on the basis of measured data. An example of application of the approach is presented with respect to the classification of anomalies and malfunctions occurring in the feedwater system of a boiling water reactor. The data used in the example are provided by the HAMBO simulator of the Halden Reactor Project.     

Development of a Method of Selecting Important Alarms for Nuclear Power Plants

Presenting important alarms selected from a large number of activated alarms provides useful operational support under a transient status in a nuclear power plant. We have developed an alarm processing method which selects and presents important alarms depending on plant status.

In this method, important alarms are selected, first, based on physical relationships between alarms and component status including alarms themselves and second, even more important alarms are selected from the previously selected alarms according to the identified initial event causing the transient. Identification of the initial event is implemented by a neural network. The identified initial event and selected important alarms are presented to show the cause and influence of the transient.

A prototype based on the above alarm processing method was validated during the start-up test at Kashiwazaki Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant Unit Number 4 of Tokyo Electric Power Co. The initial events, which were load rejection, turbine trip and main steam isolation valve closure, were correctly identified and about 30% of all activated alarms were selected as important. It was verified by an operating expert that the presentation of the identified initial event and the selected important alarms were effective to understand rapidly and correctly the transient status of the plant.     

Measuring and Improving Image Resolution by Adaptation of the Reciprocal Cell

Traditionally, discrete images are assumed to be sampled on a square grid and from a special kind of band-limited continuous image, namely one whose Fourier spectrum is contained within the rectangular reciprocal cell associated with the sampling grid. With such a simplistic model, resolution is just given by the distance between sample points.Whereas this model matches to some extent the characteristics of traditional acquisition systems, it doesn't explain aliasing problems, and it is no longer valid for certain modern ones, where the sensors may show a heavily anisotropic transfer function, and may be located on a non-square (in most cases hexagonal) grid.In this work we first summarize the generalizations of Fourier theory and of Shannon's sampling theorem, that are needed for such acquisition devices. Then we explore its consequences: (i) A new way of measuring the effective resolution of an image acquisition system; (ii) A more accurate way of restoring the original image which is represented by the samples. We show on a series of synthetic and real images, how the proposed methods make a better use of the information present in the samples, since they may drastically reduce the amount of aliasing with respect to traditional methods. Finally we show how in combination with Total Variation minimization, the proposed methods can be used to extrapolate the Fourier spectrum in a reasonable manner, visually increasing image resolution.     

f-x域地震道内插理论及实现

f-x域道内插技术是基于道间时差固定的信号在f-x域可预测的理论而提出的。文中讨论了在f-x域具有固定道间时差信号的广义预测算子(即插值算子)及存在条件,并给出了道内括实现方法。在一个小的时、空窗内,地震数据(如叠后)可以近似地认为是由为数不多的若干组道间时差固定的反射波所组成,因此利用此种f-x域道内插技术,可以实现地震数据的道内插,并减少空间假频。     

基于小波能谱矩阵相似度的电力暂态信号识别

暂态保护技术正呈现加速发展态势,但如何正确识别各类故障和非故障暂态,是暂态保护实用化必须解决的一个最大难题.信号经过小波分析之后得到的小波能谱能很好的反映信号不同时间的能量分布.电力系统中,不同电力暂态信号其时频特性必然不同,其在多个尺度下的小波能谱的分布必然存在差异,因此,在构造小波能谱矩阵的基础上,借鉴数字图像处理中的相似度的思想,提出基于小波能谱矩阵相似度的分类方法.建立各种电力暂态的标准能谱矩阵,计算测试样本的能谱矩阵与各种标准能谱矩阵的相似度,按照相似度最大原则实现分类.对电力系统单相接地故障暂态、线路正常开关操作暂态、电容投切操作暂态和雷电扰动暂态的仿真分析表明,该方法对电力暂态的识别率高.     

特高压交/直流电网仿真技术研究

电力系统的规模日趋扩大,复杂程度不断增加,迫切需要建立与特高压电网发展形势相适应的特高压电网仿真系统。首先分析了各种仿真系统的特点及其适用范围,然后结合我国特高压电网研究对仿真系统的要求,讨论了可用来对大规模交/直流电网的机电暂态与电磁暂态现象进行实时仿真的全数字实时仿真系统与数模混合仿真系统的原理、功能、特点、发展现状及适用范围,指出了其现存的局限性,提出了改进与完善的思路。     

500kV交流同塔四回线路的绕击耐雷性能

为解决架设500kV同塔四回输电线路高杆塔时的雷害问题,运用改进的电气几何模型法及电磁暂态仿真程序计算了杆塔的绕击耐雷性能,得出了不同杆塔呼称高度、地面倾角、杆塔保护角和击距系数等参数时的绕击跳闸率并且详细分析了地面倾角、杆塔高度等参数对绕击跳闸率的影响。最后提出了改善500kV同塔四回绕击耐雷性能的措施,即在实际工程中,从减小杆塔高度、避雷线采用负保护角、增加绝缘子片数以及尽量避免在地面倾角较大的地点架设输电线路等几个方面综合考虑。     

泵管渠池复杂抽水系统的过渡过程计算

探讨了复杂抽水系统中有压流与无压流数值模拟的求解方法,将其统一于一种特征线求解格式,解决了在渠管衔接处的明满流问题.用该模型对大型泵站中泵管渠池组成的复杂抽水系统的水力过渡过程进行了计算.     

Spectral methods for spatial resolution improvement of digital images

A general matrix formula is proposed for signal spectral aliasing of various or mutual resolution, the concept of spectral aliasing matrix is introduced, and some general spectral methods for spatial resolution improvement from multiframes of undersampled digital images are discussed. A simplified iterative method of parallel row-action projection for spectral de-aliasing is also given. The method can be applied to multiframe images with various spatial resolution,relative displacement, dissimilar point spread function, different image radiance, and additive random noise. Some experiments with a resolution test pattern and an image of vertical fin performed the convergence and the effectiveness of the algorithms.