Thermal restoration of a wall after the interruption of solar radiation flux

The transient phenomenon of the thermal restoration of an opaque wall of a room after the interruption of solar radiation flux was analysed. The wall, was initially, in thermal equilibrium under solar radiation. When the solar radiation flux was interrupted, the temperature distribution on the wall cross-section went through a transient state until it reached a final equilibrium state. During the thermal restoration of the wall, a thermal gain is maintained for the room as a result of the exploitation of a part of the thermal energy stored in the wall. Analytical expressions have been obtained for the duration of the thermal restoration, for the thermal gain of the room during this transient state and for the coefficients of storage and exploitation of the solar radiation by the wall.     

基于连续-离散MRF图模型的鲁棒多机器人地图融合方法

针对多机器人同步定位与建图(MSLAM)中感知偏差会产生高度相关且互一致的异常回环,进而导致定位与地图变形等问题,提出了基于马尔可夫随机场(MRF)的通用连续-离散图模型.其中,连续图对标准位姿图(pose graph)进行建模;离散图通过对异常值相关关系的显式建模,建立剔除模型.在此基础上,进一步利用凸松弛方法,将连续-离散图代表的非凸且NP(非确定性多项式)完全的组合优化问题转化为半正定规划(SDP)问题,方便利用现有凸优化工具进行求解.仿真和实测数据实验表明,本文方法提高了位姿图对感知偏差带来异常外点的鲁棒性,且结果不依赖于位姿初始值的好坏,在异常值占比为50%的情况下,剔除率仍可达99.8%,地图融合精度优于现有主流动态协方差缩放(DCS)方法和两两一致测量集(PCM)方法.     

Quantitative Analysis of Plant Cytosolic Calcium Signals in Response to Water Activated by Low-Power Non-Thermal Plasma

Non-thermal plasma technology is increasingly being applied in the plant biology field. Despite the variety of beneficial effects of plasma-activated water (PAW) on plants, information about the mechanisms of PAW sensing by plants is still limited. In this study, in order to link PAW perception to the positive downstream responses of plants, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings expressing the Ca²⁺-sensitive photoprotein aequorin in the cytosol were challenged with water activated by low-power non-thermal plasma generated by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) source. PAW sensing by plants resulted in the occurrence of cytosolic Ca²⁺ signals, whose kinetic parameters were found to strictly depend on the operational conditions of the plasma device and thus on the corresponding mixture of chemical species contained in the PAW. In particular, we highlighted the effect on the intracellular Ca²⁺ signals of low doses of DBD-PAW chemicals and also presented the effects of consecutive plant treatments. The results were discussed in terms of the possibility of using PAW-triggered Ca²⁺ signatures as benchmarks to accurately modulate the chemical composition of PAW in order to induce environmental stress resilience in plants, thus paving the way for further applications in agriculture.     

水力驱动系统在冲击作用下的动力学响应

推导了水力驱动系统在冲击载荷下的动力学方程,并数值模拟控制棒在不同冲击载荷下的动力学响应.研究表明,控制棒水力驱动系统在不同的冲击载荷作用下的响应机理是不同的.在快速冲击作用下,控制棒来不及进行自我调节,响应幅值主要依赖于冲击位移的输入,冲击位移大则响应大.冲击响应幅值还与冲击方向有关,当冲击位移向下时,控制棒的响应位移相对比较大.在慢速冲击作用下,只要冲击加速度不大,水力驱动系统就有时间依靠自身的调节能力维持系统的稳定,系统的响应幅值很小.     

Turing instability in an economic–demographic dynamical system may lead to pattern formation on a geographical scale

Spatial distribution of the human population is distinctly heterogeneous, e.g. showing significant difference in the population density between urban and rural areas. In the historical perspective, i.e. on the timescale of centuries, the emergence of densely populated areas at their present locations is widely believed to be linked to more favourable environmental and climatic conditions. In this paper, we challenge this point of view. We first identify a few areas at different parts of the world where the environmental conditions (quantified by the temperature, precipitation and elevation) show a relatively small variation in space on the scale of thousands of kilometres. We then examine the population distribution across those areas to show that, in spite of the approximate homogeneity of the environment, it exhibits a significant variation revealing a nearly periodic spatial pattern. Based on this apparent disagreement, we hypothesize that there may exist an inherent mechanism that may lead to pattern formation even in a uniform environment. We consider a mathematical model of the coupled demographic-economic dynamics and show that its spatially uniform, locally stable steady state can give rise to a periodic spatial pattern due to the Turing instability, the spatial scale of the emerging pattern being consistent with observations. Using numerical simulations, we show that, interestingly, the emergence of the Turing patterns may eventually lead to the system collapse.     

Safety analysis of reactivity insertion accidents in a heavy water nuclear research reactor core using coupled 3D neutron kinetics thermal-hydraulic system code technique

Nuclear power plant Safety analysis using coupled 3D neutron kinetics/thermal-hydraulic codes technique is increasingly used nowadays. Actually, the use of this technique allows getting less conservatism and more realistic simulations of the physical phenomena. The challenge today is oriented toward the application of this technique to the operating conditions of nuclear research reactors. In the current study, a three-Dimensional Neutron Kinetics and best estimate Thermal-Hydraulic model based upon the coupled PARCS/RELAP5 codes has been developed and applied for a heavy water research reactor. The objective is to perform safety analysis related to design accidents of this reactor types. In the current study two positive reactivity insertion transients are considered, SCRAM protected and self-limiting power excursion cases. The results of the steady state calculations were compared with results obtained from conventional diffusion codes, while transient calculations were assessed using the point kinetic model of the RELAP5 code. Through this study, the applicability and the suitability of using the coupled code technique with respect to the classical models are emphasized and discussed.     

Matlab在"信号与系统"分析中的应用

Matlab的出现使"信号与系统"课程的计算机辅助教学更为便捷.本文详细论述了使用Matlab工具将"信号与系统"中复杂的理论计算和绘图等抽象问题通过编程变得简单而直观.Matlab的运用大大改善了"信号与系统"的教学方法和手段,丰富了教学内容,取得了良好的教学效果,对于教学水平的提高十分有益.     

Pressure analysis of the hydromechanical fracture behaviour in stimulated tight sedimentary geothermal reservoirs

Hydromechanical phenomena in fractured sediments are complex. They control the flow in stimulated tight sediments and are crucial for the exploitation of geothermal energy from such rocks. We present the analysis of a cyclic water injection/production (huff–puff) process, a promising method to extract geothermal energy from tight sedimentary reservoirs. It uses a single borehole, which considerably reduces investment costs. A huff–puff test was performed in a 3800-m deep sedimentary formation (borehole Horstberg Z1, Lower Saxony, Germany). The analysis presented herein explains the downhole pressure measurements by a simplified reservoir model containing a single vertical fracture. The model addresses the flow behaviour between the fracture and the rock matrix in a layered formation, and the coupling between fluid flow and the mechanical deformation of the fracture. The latter aspect is relevant to predict the efficiency of the geothermal reservoir because cooled regions resulting from a particular injection/production scheme can be identified. The analysis methods include: (1) the curve-fitting code ODA used for a determination of different flow regimes (radial or linear), (2) an analytical solution for the calculation of the injection pressure, assuming a time-dependent fracture area, and (3) the simulator ROCMAS, which numerically solves the coupling between fluid flow and fracture deformation. Whereas each single approach is insufficient to explain the complete test data, a combination of the results yields an understanding of the flow regimes taking place during the test.     

Thermal and hydraulic characteristics of a large-scaled parabolic trough solar field (PTSF) under cloud passages

To better understand the characteristics of a large-scaled parabolic trough solar field (PTSF) under cloud passages, a novel method which combines a closed-loop thermal hydraulic model (CLTHM) and cloud vector (CV) is developed. Besides, the CLTHM is established and validated based on a pilot plant. Moreover, some key parameters which are used to characterize a typical PTSF and CV are presented for further simulation. Furthermore, two sets of results simulated by the CLTHM are compared and discussed. One set deals with cloud passages by the CV, while the other by the traditionally distributed weather stations (DWSs). Because of considering the solar irradiance distribution in a more detailed and realistically way, compared with the distributed weather station (DWS) simulation, all essential parameters, such as the total flowrate, flow distribution, outlet temperature, thermal and exergetic efficiency, and exergetic destruction tend to be more precise and smoother in the CV simulation. For example, for the runner outlet temperature, which is the most crucial parameter for a running PTSF, the maximum relative error reaches −15% in the comparison. In addition, the mechanism of thermal and hydraulic unbalance caused by cloud passages are explained based on the simulation.