碱金属盐对气基还原铁矿石的催化规律研究

通过气体催化还原氧化铁试验,研究了碱金属盐对气基还原铁氧化物反应的影响规律,对于同一种阳离子的盐催化活性规律为:氟化物＞氯化物＞碘化物＞溴化物;硝酸盐＞氢氧化物＞碳酸盐＞硫酸盐>磷酸盐.并提出了一种新的微观催化机理:添加剂的催化作用在于添加剂的原子改变Fe-O化学键的作用程度;添加剂的催化活性与阳离子、阴离子种类以及化合物的稳定性有关;这三方面因素相互耦合,共同决定添加剂的催化性能;其催化性能用公式表示为:Ψαf(M ) βf(X-)-γ(T)f(MX).     

化学法处理混合电镀废水及药剂选择

通过热动力学分析、理论计算和实验,确定在碱性条件下用NaClO作氧化剂,Na₂S和FeSO₄作还原剂处理混合电镀废水的工艺流程,并通过计算和实验确定了Na₂S与FeSO₄的最佳药剂比:Na₂S为80%~90%,FeSO₄为10%~20%.Na₂S+FeSO₄比单独使用FeSO₄少产生60%~70%的污泥.该工艺在实际工程运行过程中效果良好.     

纳米ZnO可见光催化活性的改善及其降解性能

由于半导体ZnO禁带宽度较宽,因而其可见光催化活性较差.本文分别采用N掺杂、碳包覆、贵金属修饰以及半导体复合等方式来改善纳米ZnO的可见光催化活性,并以罗丹明B为降解污染物,对比了不同材料可见光催化降解有机污染物的效率.研究结果显示以氨水为氮源,通过水热法制备的氮掺杂N-ZnO光催化剂,相比于纯ZnO,对可见光吸收增强...     

水热法制备氮、铁共掺杂TiO_2研究

以钛酸正丁酯为前躯体,硝酸铵和九水硝酸铁为氮、铁掺杂源,利用水热法制备了氮、铁共掺杂TiO2粉体。采用XRD、FE-SEM、EDS、BET、FT-IR等手段对所制备粉体进行了表征。结果显示:共掺杂TiO2粉体为锐钛矿型,呈球状,粒径为9.2 nm,较高的比表面积201 m2/g。对甲基橙溶液的光降解实验结果表明,在350W氙灯(模拟自然光)条件下,共掺杂的TiO2对于甲基橙的降解率为96.4%,光催化活性高于P25。在太阳光下,光照4 h,对甲基橙的降解率达到84.5%。     

一种具有微纳孔隙结构的二氧化钛多孔膜层光催化系统

采用溶胶-凝胶法配合以离子注入的方式,研制了一种具有纳米和亚微米(零点几个微米)孔隙结构的锐钛矿相二氧化钛光催化膜。首先通过常规的溶胶-凝胶法制得密实的二氧化钛膜层,然后采用具有一定动能的Fe离子轰击膜层,从而在膜层中形成大量的微纳孔隙。这些微纳孔隙明显提高了原膜层的比表面积。光催化降解甲基橙溶液的实验结果表明,无论是在紫外光下还是在可见光下,所得多孔膜层的光催化效果均优于未造孔的二氧化钛膜层。     

Construction of hierarchical FeIn2S4/BiOBr S-scheme heterojunction with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance for antibiotics degradation

Constructing heterojunction provides a promising tactic to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of catalysts. In this paper, hierarchical FeIn₂S₄/BiOBr heterostructure photocatalysts were prepared by facile two step methods and applied to effectively remove ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline (TC) under visible light. Compared to single catalyst, FeIn₂S₄/BiOBr hybrids display significantly improved photocatalytic activity. Among the series, 6 wt% FeIn₂S₄/BiOBr shows the optimal photocatalytic performance, where the degradation efficiencies of TC and CIP are 3.15 and 2.88 times greater than pure BiOBr, respectively. Such an improvement could arise from the S-scheme heterojunctions and unique hierarchical structures, which brings stronger light absorption, higher photoexcited charge separation efficiency and superior redox ability. Furthermore, 6 wt% FeIn₂S₄/BiOBr composite exhibits excellent stability and reusability. Radical capture experiments and EPR analyses uncover that O₂^–, h⁺ and OH are primarily reactive substances during photocatalytic removal of TC. The products of TC were detected by LC-MS analyses and possible decomposition paths are proposed. Eventually, a possible photodegradation mechanism over FeIn₂S₄/BiOBr S-scheme heterojunction is proposed. These findings supply new perspective for the simple synthesis of S-scheme photocatalysts with promising applications in environment remediation.     

Throwing New Light on the Reduction of CO2

While the chemical energy in fossil fuels has enabled the rapid rise of modern civilization, their utilization and accompanying anthropogenic CO₂ emissions is occurring at a rate that is outpacing nature's carbon cycle. Its effect is now considered to be irreversible and this could lead to the demise of human society. This is a complex issue without a single solution, yet from the burgeoning global research activity and development in the field of CO₂ capture and utilization, there is light at the end of the tunnel. In this article a couple of recent advances are illuminated. Attention is focused on the discovery of gas‐phase, light‐assisted heterogeneous catalytic materials and processes for CO₂ photoreduction that operate at sufficiently high rates and conversion efficiencies, and under mild conditions, to open a new pathway for an energy transition from today's “fossil fuel economy” to a new and sustainable “CO₂ economy”. Whichever of the competing CO₂ capture and utilization approaches proves to be the best way forward for the development of a future CO₂‐based solar fuels economy, hopefully this can occur in a period short enough to circumvent the predicted adverse consequences of greenhouse gas climate change.     

Influence of Au Photodeposition and Doping in CdS Nanorods: Optical and Photocatalytic Study

Au-modified CdS nanorods (100–200 nm × 5–10 nm) are synthesized via two different techniques, namely photodeposition and doping. The prepared samples are characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction study confirmed the hexagonal phase of bare and Au-CdS samples, whereas, 5 wt% Au³⁺ doping into CdS resulted in a slight distortion in the crystal structure toward higher degree side. TEM images revealed the fine distribution of Au nanodeposits of size in the range of 2.5–4.5 nm on to the CdS surface in the photodeposited sample. The optical spectrum shows a significant red-shift in absorption onset (485 nm → 515 nm) and band-edge emission (505 nm → 512 nm) of CdS nanorods with the replacement of certain Cd²⁺ ions with Au³⁺. The influence of Au photodeposition and doping in CdS nanorods was comparatively tested by photooxidation of RhB (50 ppm) dye aqueous solution under direct sunlight irradiation (35–40 mWcm^?2). Our results point out that 5 wt% Au³⁺ doping into CdS nanorods remarkably improved its activity and stability due to homogeneous dispersion of charge throughout the crystal, quick Fermi level equilibration, and an improvement in ionic bond formation.