Allergic and toxic reactions caused by cream bases in dermatological patients

Irritant and allergic reactions from cream bases observed in eczema patients are reviewed. The frequency of allergic reactions to the ingredients of vehicles in eczema patients is an indication of allergic potential for normal skin. Against this background, hypoallergenic fragrances are still very difficult to produce and a proper mixture for epicutaneous testing is lacking. Among preservatives, parabens are obviously safer and less allergenic than chlorocresol and sorbic acid. Propylene glycol (PG) is very popular for its many beneficial properties. However, it is also an irritant and a sensitiser. The exact number of allergic delayed type reactions is difficult to establish because primary irritant epicutaneous test reactions often closely resemble allergic reactions. By doing epicutaneous tests with serial dilutions of PG and by making peroral challenge tests, the number of eczema patients allergic to PG has been estimated to be as high as 1%. Glycerol is much less active in producing toxic and allergic skin reactions. Common non-ionic emulsifiers and higher fatty alcohols cause allergic contact dermatitis occasionally. The allergenic properties of these substances have not yet been examined experimentally. It seems, however, that there are only small differences between the various emulsifying agents. Les allergies et réactions de toxicité causées par les constituants des crèmes sur les sujets atteints de dermatoses     

处理方法对大豆致敏蛋白的影响

Gly m Bd 30K、Gly m Bd28K和β-伴大豆球蛋白的α亚基(MW68K)是大豆中的主要致敏蛋白，本文对经过不同处理的大豆进行SDS-PAGE电泳，结果显示，结合盐析和pH值处理可以有效去除Gly m Bd 30K和Glym Bd28K，但要同时去除三种致敏蛋白还需进一步研究。     

The pLysRS-Ap4A Pathway in Mast Cells Regulates the Switch from Host Defense to a Pathological State

The innate and adaptive immune systems play an essential role in host defense against pathogens. Various signal transduction pathways monitor and balance the immune system since an imbalance may promote pathological states such as allergy, inflammation, and cancer. Mast cells have a central role in the regulation of the innate/adaptive immune system and are involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and allergic diseases by releasing inflammatory mediators such as histamines, proteases, chemotactic factors, and cytokines. Although various signaling pathways are associated with mast cell activation, our discovery and characterization of the pLysRS-Ap₄A signaling pathway in these cells provided an additional important step towards a full understanding of the intracellular mechanisms involved in mast cell activation. In the present review, we will discuss in depth this signaling pathway’s contribution to host defense and the pathological state.     

Structure/activity relationships in contact allergy

To minimise consumer risk of allergic contact dermatitis, predictive testing may need to be carried out. An alternative approach examining physicochemical properties of substances, and from these trying to assess sensitization potential, formed the basis of a model described by Roberts and Williams [1]. The concept related electrophilic reactivity ( k ), the partition coefficient ( P ) and dose ( D ) in a term which described a relative alkylation index (RAI). This was shown to correlate well with experimental data for sultones and p-nitrobenzyl halides: RAI = kD /( P ± P ²) (1)
In recent studies of dose response relationships, the 'overload effect' predicted by Roberts and Williams is demonstrable. However, the simple relationship above omits two potentially important parameters, 'intrinsic antigenicity' of a chemical and activation in skin of an apparently unreactive chemical. Data on the sensitization potential of alkyl transfer agents shows that for small haptens, intrinsic antigenicity may depend in part on the nature of modifications to carrier protein tertiary structure. The ability of skin to metabolise 1,4-substituted benzene derivatives in vivo appears even more complex than suggested [2], involving a spectrum of reactive intermediates characteristic of each molecule.
These results suggest that the RAI formula needs to be modified.     

儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病相关的污染物检测分析

近年来儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病患病率呈明显上升趋势,其生活和学习场所空气品质与哮喘和呼吸道疾病密切相关,检测分析室内污染物水平变得十分迫切.为了确定严寒地区与儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病相关的主要室内污染物浓度水平以及不同污染物之间的相关性,对哈尔滨地区10岁左右儿童的健康状态及居住环境进行问卷调查,并选取病例组和对照组进行现场检测以及对比分析.问卷调查结果显示:室内潮湿、结露、发霉、有可见水流、装修以及室内人员吸烟等都与儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病密切相关.选取10户住宅（6户病例组和4户对照组）和2间教室现场监测温湿度、颗粒物质量浓度,采集空气中总挥发性有机物（TVOCs）和半挥发性有机物（SVOCs）,计算浮游真菌、堆积真菌以及附着真菌菌落数.分析病例组和对照组测试参数差异性,以及采样点不同参数之间的相关性.结果表明:高温干燥的环境可能会导致儿童患哮喘和呼吸道疾病;病例组和对照组PM_2.5质量浓度统计学差异不显著（P=0.157）;儿童患有呼吸过敏性疾病与降尘中SVOCs浓度有关;客厅和儿童卧室浮游真菌显著相关（r=0.943,P=0.005）,附着真菌也有相同的结果（r=0.943,P=0.005）.     

Dermatology and the cosmetic industry

Co-operation between the cosmetic industry and dermatology is essential for identifying potentially hazardous substances and ensuring optimal product safety. With dermatological consultation, epidemiological surveys of patients or employees in the cosmetic, toiletry or chemical industry provide useful information to distinguish product-induced or occupational dermatitis from other types of contact dermatitis or constitutional disease (such as psoriasis, lichen planus, or disorders of collagen or immune response). Some examples of the inherent complexities of this process and the solutions that have been achieved are presented. Care is necessary by dermatologists and cosmetic scientists in carrying out controlled use trials and interpreting patch test results in the search for an offending ingredient. Some medical conditions and treatment regimens of the patient/consumer that may affect the response to a cosmetic ingredient are mentioned.
La dermatologie et l'industrie cosmétique     

Clinical effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-92 on perennial allergic rhinitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Studies in animals have suggested that lactic acid bacteria alleviate allergic diseases, however, little information is available on their clinical effect on allergy in humans. Thus, we examined the efficacy of orally administered Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-92 (L-92) on perennial allergic rhinitis. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 49 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were randomized to receive either 100 mL of heat-treated fermented milk containing L-92 (n = 25) or acidified milk without lactic acid bacteria (placebo; n = 24) for 8 wk. The severity of symptoms was evaluated based on the changes in the scores of clinical symptoms. Oral administration of milk fermented with L-92 resulted in a statistically significant improvement of nasal symptom-medication scores. Ocular symptom-medication scores of patients in the L-92 intervention group tended to improve compared with those in the placebo group. In addition, clear decreases of the scores of swelling and color of the nasal mucosa were observed in the L-92 intervention group at 6 and 8 wk after the start of ingestion of fermented milk. There were no significant differences in serum antihouse dust mite immunoglobulin E levels nor in T helper type 1/T helper type 2 ratio between the 2 groups. These results suggest that oral administration of L-92 can alleviate the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis, however, statistically significant changes were not shown in blood parameters.     

基于高压结合酶法制备的低敏虾制品体内体外致敏性检测的差异性分析

采用高压结合酶法处理凡纳滨对虾的虾蛋白、虾仁泥（虾肉）和虾仁,获得3 种低敏虾制品;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测3 种虾制品的过敏原性,采用全身性过敏反应（过敏性休克模型）及致敏离体回肠平滑肌收缩实验（Schultz-Dale反应）检测3 种低敏虾制品的致敏性,以分析体内与体外方法检测虾制品致敏性的差异性。结果显示：处理前的3 种原料过敏原性极高。经高压结合酶法处理的虾蛋白、虾肉和虾仁的过敏原性分别消减97.0%、94.1%和94.5%。而在动物实验中（以磷酸缓冲盐溶液为阴性对照,未处理虾蛋白为阳性对照,以豚鼠为受试对象）,未处理虾蛋白组的过敏反应发生率与死亡率均为100%,3 种低敏虾制品的过敏反应发生率也为100%,死亡率分别为16.7%（虾蛋白产物）、50%（虾肉产物）和83.3%（虾仁产物）。致敏的离体回肠受到3 种低敏虾制品攻击后,收缩力也明显增强,分别达到376.9%、766.2%和1 004.4%。上述结果表明,对高压结合酶法制备的低敏虾制品过敏原性的检测,体外检测与体内检测存在一定的差异性。     

无致敏原食品产业分析

无致敏原（包括无麸质、牛奶、坚果和鸡蛋等致敏原中的一种或者几种）食品能极大满足过敏人群的需要,具有非常巨大的市场需求。介绍了无致敏原食品的发展状况,揭示了我国无致敏原食品产业发展存在的问题,提出了发展我国无致敏原食品产业的对策。     

白果过敏蛋白及其过敏原性研究

对白果的主要过敏蛋白进行鉴定,并对其过敏原性进行分析。以SDS-PAGE和Western-Blotting分析鉴定白果蛋白提取液中的蛋白质组分和过敏蛋白,通过间接ELISA法检测过敏小鼠血清中sIgE的效价。白果的蛋白质条带主要有13条,其中以21kD和32kD含量最多。Western-Blotting分析结果表明,白果蛋白中存在3条过敏原蛋白,分子质量分别为21、32、36kD。当酶标二抗稀释度为1:1000,白果蛋白包被质量浓度为50μg/mL,间接ELISA测得过敏小鼠血清中sIgE的效价为1:6400。对白果蛋白进行分析鉴定,明确了白果中存在的过敏原蛋白。