Instantaneous uncut chip thickness modeling for micro-end milling process

The prediction model of instantaneous uncut chip thickness is critical for micro-end milling process, which can directly affect the cutting forces, surface accuracy, and process stability of the micro-end milling process. This paper presents an instantaneous uncut chip thickness model systematically based on the actual trochoidal trajectory of tooth and the tool run-out in micro-end milling process. The variable entry and exit angles of tool, which are affected by the tool run-out, are concerned in the model. The related instantaneous uncut chip thickness is evaluated by considering the theoretical instantaneous uncut chip thickness and the minimum uncut chip thickness, which is formulated by two types of material removal mechanisms, in the elastic-plastic deformation region and the complete chip formation region, respectively. In comparison with the instantaneous chip thickness obtained from the conventional model, the feasibility of the proposed model can be proved by the related simulation results with variable process parameters including feed per tooth, radial depth of cut, and tool run-out. In addition, the predicted and measured cutting forces are compared with validate the accuracy of the proposed instantaneous uncut chip thickness model for the micro-end milling process.     

Correction of GPR wave velocity at different oblique angles between traverses and alignment of line objects in a common offset antenna setting

Estimation of ground penetrating radar's wave velocity in materials is a critical step to accurately estimate depth of embedded line objects in concrete structures, and wetness of material. Errors of velocity are defined as the deviations between the velocities obtained in various oblique angles and those obtained in the traverse normal to the object orientation in a common offset antenna setting. In this paper, we quantified and corrected the errors of such estimation. GPR traverses were designed to travel in various oblique angles θ (90°, 75°, 60° and 45°) relative to the steel bars at 5 cover depths (55 mm, 85 mm, 115 mm, 145 mm and 175 mm). GPR wave velocity at any position within the lateral detection range of steel bars was measured with simple trigonometry in a semi-automated in-house program. It was found that reduction of oblique angles (i.e. θ<90°) causes flatter hyperbolic reflections and the associated errors of velocity can be as much as 30% in the case of an oblique angle 45° before correction. Such errors were corrected after re-scaling the horizontal travel distance with a multiplication factor of sin θ.     

含氟核壳苯丙乳液的合成与涂膜性能研究

以全氟烷基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(FMA)为含氟单体、可聚合型烯丙氧基壬基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚硫酸铵(DNS-86)为乳化剂,采用半连续法制备了具有核壳结构的含氟苯丙乳液。采用FT-IR、TEM、TGA分别对共聚物的组成、乳胶粒形态与涂膜热稳定性进行了表征,并对涂膜接触角及耐化学性进行了分析。结果表明,当FMA用量为8.0%时,所得乳液涂膜的水/油接触角分别为111.5°与67.9°,涂膜的耐化学和热稳定性优良。     

新型游动坐标法及其在复杂形状刀具数控磨削中的应用

通过分析复杂形状刀具的几何角度和数控磨削工艺 ,提出一种新型游动坐标系的刀位计算方法 ,应用该方法可简便地进行复杂形状刀具数控磨削的刀位计算 ,并可实现复杂形状刀具几何角度的精确磨削。通过三维仿真及实际磨削加工试验验证了该刀位计算方法的实用性。     

不同基面角度对激光熔覆Ni25/WC涂层耐磨性的影响

目的 为实现模具曲面或斜面区域修复,研究不同基面角度对激光熔覆Ni25/WC涂层形貌和耐磨性的影响。方法 采用激光熔覆技术在不同角度的基体表面制备了Ni25/WC修复涂层,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、维氏硬度计、扫描电镜(SEM)和摩擦磨损试验机,分析和研究了不同角度对涂层截面形貌、物相组成、微观组织、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响及机理。结果 熔覆过程中,基体表面为90°时,在重力作用下,粉末流向下偏移,部分粉末无法进入熔池,使得单道涂层厚度降低,熔池内的金属熔液受重力影响向下滑落,激光熔覆快速凝固的特点使得熔液在滑落前凝固,导致涂层形心向下侧偏移。在重力、运载气体及空气阻力的作用下,混合粉末中密度更大的WC颗粒向下偏移量更大,未进入熔池的大尺寸的WC颗粒更多,使得涂层中WC颗粒含量降低。WC颗粒含量影响涂层的磨损形式,0°涂层主要磨损形式为犁削作用和黏着磨损,90°涂层主要发生了磨粒磨损。结论 不同角度单道涂层的截面形状和厚度不同,0°涂层呈现两侧较为对称的半圆或半椭圆,涂层厚度更大,90°涂层的形心随重力向下侧偏移,涂层厚度明显减小;涂层的物相种类相同,均由FeNi3、Ni2B及WC等相组成;0°涂层显微硬度平均值为446.67HV0.2,90°涂层显微硬度平均值为456.13HV0.2。0°涂层磨损率为0.002 6 mg/m,90°涂层磨损率为0.008 mg/m,0°涂层耐磨性优于90°涂层,磨损机制不同是耐磨性产生差异的主要原因。     

The effect of blade angle on the flow and pressure distributions in the vicinity of the diffuser blades of a room air conditioner

Many studies on air-conditioning systems are more focused on the individual thermal comfort rather than the thermal efficiency, due to an increase in health concerns. There are several factors influencing the thermal comfort, such as temperature, humidity, convection and air movement, etc. Numerical analyses were performed to investigate the effect of blade angle on the flow characteristics in the vicinity of diffuser blades of a room air conditioner (RAC), with three different blade discharge angles of 45.1°, 58.6° and 116°. We used the commercial code FLUENT to calculate the two-dimensional steady thermal flow fields with different impeller rotational velocities. The angular velocities were located within the range from 900 rpm to 1200 rpm. Turbulence closure was achieved using a standard k-ɛ model. A moving reference frame (MRF) approach was adopted to simulate the flow field generated by the impeller in an RAC. The results were graphically depicted with various geometrical configurations and operating conditions. This paper was presented at the 7th JSME-KSME Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference, Sapporo, Japan, October 2008. Youn-Jea Kim received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Sungkyunkwan University, Korea, in 1982. He then received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1987 and 1990, respectively. Dr. Kim is currently a Professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering at Sungkyunkwan University in Korea. Dr. Kim’s research interests include gas dynamics, MEMS, and fluid-machineries, etc.     

基于不同倾角的压裂水平井试井解释

基于源函数理论,采用镜像映射和叠加原理建立了压裂水平井中裂缝呈不同角度时地层中任一点的压力计算公式,并通过Laplace变换和Stehfest数值反演得到了考虑井筒存储和表皮系数影响的水平井井底压力解.对影响水平井井底压力的因素进行研究表明:裂缝倾角对各向同性地层中的压力影响主要表现在线性流到径向流的过渡阶段;而对各向异性地层中的压力影响主要表现在早期,裂缝的倾角越大,定产量生产所需压差越大,压差变化幅度也越大;裂缝对地层的穿透程度只影响水平井各流态出现的时间,穿透程度越大,相应流态出现的时间便越晚;同时,只有当裂缝的间距达到一定距离时才能出现第一径向流,且间距越大,第一径向流持续的时间越长.     

Orientation Phenomena at Polyurethane Surfaces

The surface energies of soft-segment polyurethanes (SPU) have been evaluated by contact angle measurements. These showed that when solidified in air, the surface energies of the polymers were due almost entirely to dispersion forces. When immersed in liquids including formamide, water and saline solutions, surface rearrangements took place, gradually elevating the non-dispersive surface energy component. Equilibrium values varied with the corresponding non-dispersive surface energy of the contacting liquid. XPS analyses confirmed that compositional variations were responsible for changes in the surface energy. The surface restructuring was shown to affect the bond strengths of SPU/adhesive tape joints. The observations are relevant to property control in this important group of macromolecules.     

The putative Saginaw impact structure,Michigan, Lake Huron,in the light of gravity aspects derived from recent EIGEN 6C4 gravity field model

The hypothetical impact structure in the Saginaw Bay (Michigan, USA, Lake Huron) has been tested by the gravity data derived from the recent gravity field model EIGEN 6C4 (expanded to degree and order 2190, with ground resolution of ~9?km). The following gravity field aspects were used: the gravity disturbances/anomalies, second derivatives of the disturbing potential (Marussi tensor), two of three gravity invariants, their specific ratio (known as 2D factor), the strike angles, and the virtual deformations. These gravity aspects are sensitive in various ways to the underground density contrasts. For the Saginaw Bay area, we confirm that we do not see any typical impact crater in terms of gravity disturbance or the radial second order derivative, possibly because of the thick layer of the ice located at the place and time of the impact. But the “combed” strike angles (one type of the gravity aspects we use) disclose a trace of high pressure to the SE/S/SW of the Bay and may be due to an impacting body. Thus, we provide circumstantial evidence of the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis.     

冰碛土的应力-应变-强度特性的研究

本文针对四川某一电站土石坝工程的心墙料——冰碛土进行了一系列的试验研究。研究表明:随着围压力的升高,冰碛土的强度降低,强度包线为折线型式;平面应变的试验强度高于常规三轴的试验强度,文中提出了二者的转化关系式。