一种改进的各向异性扩散深度图像增强算法

深度图像受其测距原理所限,存在边缘不匹配、无效像素、噪声等问题,提出一种基于改进的各向异性扩散算法的深度图像增强方法。首先,校正深度图像和彩色图像的位置关系,并根据时间连续性选择多帧图像,进行多帧均值滤波预处理;其次,通过在彩色图像中引入权重的思想,构建具有4-邻域形式的深度图像模型,利用彩色图像引导的深度图像进行各向异性扩散,填补孔洞;最后,使用改进的自适应中值滤波平滑图像噪声。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效修复原始深度图像中存在的由无效像素组成的黑色孔洞,在抑制噪声的同时,仍能保持深度图像中物体边缘的细节信息。     

一种新的各向异性扩散时间尺度估计方法

在各向异性扩散(AD)的图像处理应用中,扩散终止机制是当前研究的主要热点。该文把热物理扩散中的扩散平衡概念引入到图像处理的AD中,定义图像扩散平衡(DB)与最优扩散时间(ODTS)的概念,提出利用扩散平衡估计最佳扩散时间尺度的方法。该方法与SURE, MSE及其他时间尺度估计方法相比在噪声压制与特征的保护上达到了一个合理的平衡且不需估计噪声强度(方差),能自适应于图像,在低信噪比下也能获得很好的估计结果,试验测试结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

相关扩散方程在图像修补中的应用

图像修复是图像复原研究中的一个重要内容,可以用于旧照片中丢失信息的恢复、视频文字去除以及视频错误隐藏等。目前有很多图像修补算法对于灰度图像的修补已经取得了很好的修补效果,但存在着时间消耗大和应用到彩色图像修补中时修补效果不理想的缺点。将相关扩散方程引入到图像修补中,并进行改进,使得图像的修补效率和修补效果都得到了有效提高,而且可以很自然地应用到彩色图像修补中。大量的实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于组织结构的纺织品各向异性建模方法

纺织面料的物理仿真将虚拟现实与纺织CAD相结合,是虚拟服装与试衣系统研究的一项关键技术,纺织品建模也是纺织品真实感模拟的基础及关键工作.在基于物理的粒子系统的基础上,提出各向异性的建模方式.根据织物面料的不同组织方式进行分析,对其进行经纬方向的分离建模.仿真过程分为初始过程的刚性物体模拟和接近平衡时的柔性物质模拟两大步骤.为了在产生逼真表现效果的同时兼顾计算复杂性,构模时引入多分辨率模型.     

基于方向信息测度的非线性扩散图像去噪方法

在研究非线性扩散方法图像去噪的基础上,针对非线性系数扩散问题,提出了应用图像方向信息控制扩散系数的非线性扩散方法,该方法利用方向信息测度来表征图像的区域性质,不仅降低了噪声的干扰,而且克服了其他方法必须先进行高斯卷积的影响,并有效控制了各点的扩散行为。实验结果证明该方法是可行的,该方法在图像去噪的同时保持了图像的重要特征,取得比较理想的效果。     

Versatile Hypoxic Extracellular Vesicles Laden in an Injectable and Bioactive Hydrogel for Accelerated Bone Regeneration

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as an appealing alternative to cell therapy in regenerative medicine. Unlike bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) cultured in vitro with normoxia, bone marrow in vivo is exposed to a hypoxic environment. To date, it remains unclear whether hypoxia preconditioning can improve the function of BMSC-derived EVs and be more conducive to bone repair. Herein, it is found that hypoxia preconditioned BMSCs secrete more biglycan (Bgn)-rich EVs via proteomics analysis, and these hypoxic EVs (Hypo-EVs) significantly promote osteoblast proliferation, migration, differentiation, and mineralization by activating the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. Subsequently, an injectable bioactive hydrogel composed of poly(ethylene glycol)/polypeptide copolymers is developed to improve the stability and retention of Hypo-EVs in vivo. The Hypo-EVs-laden hydrogel shows continuous liberation of Hypo-EVs for 3 weeks and substantially accelerates bone regeneration in 5-mm rat cranial defects. Finally, it is confirmed that Bgn in EVs is a pivotal protein regulating osteoblast differentiation and mineralization and exerts its effects through paracrine mechanisms. Therefore, this study shows that hypoxia stimulation is an effective approach to optimize the therapeutic effects of BMSC-derived EVs and that injectable hydrogel-based EVs delivery is a promising strategy for tissue regeneration.     

Mucoadhesive Phenolic Pectin Hydrogels for Saliva Substitute and Oral Patch

Oral disease is one of the most common conditions worldwide, negatively affecting general health, reducing the quality of life, and often developing into systemic illness. However, the design of therapeutic agents for oral diseases is challenging due to various unique features of the oral cavity, including its wet and dynamic environment and curved shape. Herein, the development of highly biocompatible mucoadhesive functional hydrogels for oral applications is reported, generated by introducing bio-inspired phenolic moieties into a pectin polymer. Pyrogallol-functionalized pectin (Pec-PG) can be crosslinked in situ via autoxidation without chemical agents and readily fabricated as various formulations. Sprayable Pec-PG hydrogel exhibits strong mucoadhesion and outstanding hydration ability ex vivo and in vivo, thus displaying significant potential as a novel saliva substitute for dry mouth. The authors further show that topical application of mucoadhesive Pec-PG patches pre-loaded with corticosteroid significantly promotes the repair of diabetic oral ulcer tissue via prolonged drug release, free radical scavenging, and physical barrier effects. Moreover, similar applications for oral ulcer treatment using a pectin hydrogel modified with catechol (Pec-CA), another phenolic moiety are demonstrated. Together, these findings suggest that mucoadhesive phenolic pectin derivatives can provide highly biocompatible, convenient, and effective hydrogel platforms for treating oral diseases.     

Thermally Responsive Fibers for Versatile Thermoactivated Protective Fabrics

Smart textiles with good mechanical adaptability play an important role in personal protection, health monitoring, and aerospace applications. However, most of the reported thermally responsive polymers has long response time and poor processability, comfort, and wearability. Skin-core structures of thermally responsive fibers with multiple commercial fiber cores and temperature-responsive hydrogel skins are designed and fabricated, which exhibit rapid mechanical adaptability, good thermohardening, and thermal insulation. This universal method enables tight bonding between various commercial fiber cores and hydrogel skins via specific covalently anchored networks. At room temperature, prepared fibers show softness, flexibility, and skin compatibility similar to those of ordinary fibers. As temperature rises, smart fibers become hard, rigid, and self-supporting. The modulus of hydrogel skin increases from 304% to 30883%, showing good mechanoadaptability and impact resistance owing to the synergy between hydrophobic interactions and ionic bonding. Moreover, this synergistic effect leads to an increase in heat absorption, and fibers exhibit good thermal insulation, which reduces the contact temperature of the body surface by ≈25 °C under the external temperature of 95 °C, effectively preventing thermal burns. Notably, the active mechanoadaptability of these smart fibers using conductive fibers as cores is demonstrated. This study provides feasibility for fabricating environmentally adaptive intelligent textiles.     

Marine-Derived Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

Marine organisms provide novel and broad sources for the preparations and applications of biomaterials. Since the urgent requirement of bio-hydrogels to mimic tissue extracellular matrix (ECM), the natural biomacromolecule hydrogels derived from marine sources have received increasing attention. Benefiting from their outstanding bioactivity and biocompatibility, many attempts have been made to reconstruct ECM components by applying marine-derived natural hydrogels. Moreover, marine hydrogels have been successfully applied in biomedicine by means of microfluidics, electrospray, and bioprinting. In this review, the classification and characteristics of marine-derived hydrogels are summarized. In particular, their role in the development of biomaterials is also introduced. Then, the recent advances in bio-fabrication strategies for various hydrogel materials are focused upon. Besides, the influences of hydrogel types on their functions in biomedical applications are discussed in depth. Finally, critical reflections on the limitations and future development of marine-derived hydrogels are presented.