废旧干电池的生物法资源回收技术

用污泥作为嗜酸菌来源及培养基,添加能量物质,所产酸液用于沥滤废旧干电池中的重金属,并在一套二阶段连续运行工艺中实现,该工艺主要由生物酸化反应池和电池沥滤反应池组成,不同电池投加量的工艺运行结果表明,在进酸液量为1L/d,处理量为2节、4节、8节时,金属镍、镉、钴完全滤除所需时间分别约为25d、30d、超过40d,金属镍的氢氧化物可在pH>4.0的时候溶解,而金属镍则需要较低的pH值(2.0～3.0),金属镉及其化合物在pH较高(4.0～4.5)的情况下即可大部分溶解滤除,金属钴的沥滤行为与金属镉相似,其溶解速率介于金属镍与金属镉之间。     

Calculating models of mass action concentrations for NaBr（aq）, LiNO3（aq）, HNO3（aq）, and KF（aq） binary solutions

The calculating models of mass action concentrations for electrolyte aqueous solutions NaBr-H2O, LiNO3-H2O, HNO3-H2O, and KF-H2O have been developed at 298.15 K and their molalities ranging from 0.1 mol/kg to saturation according to the ion and molecule coexistence theory as well as mass action law. The calculated mass action concentration is based on pure species as the standard state and the mole fraction as the concentration unit, and the reported activities are usually based on infinite dilution as the standard state and molality as the concentration unit. Hence, the calculated mass action concentration must be transformed to the same standard state and concentration unit. The transformation coefficients between calculated mass action concentrations and reported ac- tivities of the same component fluctuate in a very narrow range. Thus, the transformed mass action concentrations not only agree well with reported activities, but also strictly obey mass action law. The calculated results show that the new developed models can embody the intrinsic structure of investigated four electrolyte aqueous solutions. The results also indicate that mass action law has its wide- spread applicability to electrolyte binary aqueous solutions.     

21世纪的清洁能源──氢镍蓄电池概述

本文概述了氢镍蓄电池的充放机制、性能特点、市场容量和使用中的问题,预测了氢镍蓄电池的产量及发展趋势。     

碱性蓄电池隔膜用非织造布探析

介绍了碱性蓄电池隔膜用非织造布在电池生产中的作用和要求,对碱性蓄电池隔膜用非织造布的纤维原料、生产方法进行了比较分析。     

Ultrasonic Velocity Studies of Drug Parvon-spas in Mixed Alcohol–Water Solvent Systems at 25°C

Ultrasonic velocities and densities of the drug Parvon-spas in binary mixtures of water with methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), and propan-1-ol (1-PrOH) have been measured over the complete solvent composition range at 10 mol% intervals at 25°C. Various acoustic parameters such as the acoustic impedance (Z), adiabatic compressibility (β), intermolecular free length (L_f), relative association (R.A.), molar volume (V_m), and molar sound velocity (R_m) have been calculated. In addition, excess functions, i.e., excess adiabatic compressibility (β^E), excess intermolecular free length (L_f^E), excess molar volume (V^E), excess ultrasonic velocity (U^E), and excess acoustic impedance (Z^E) for these three solvent mixtures in the absence and presence of the drug have been calculated. A different behavior of these parameters in these alcohol systems has been discussed in terms of the length of the alcohol molecule, the molecular volume, as well as inter/intramolecular interactions of these molecules.     

Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Doped LiFePO4 as Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

LiFePO4 cathode material was synthesized by a solid-state reaction using doping several elements (Nb5 ,Zr4 ). The starting materials were mixed with a high-efficient sander and treated thermally under flowing N2. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission gun electron microscopy (FEG), and their electrochemical performance was investigated in the term of cycling behavior. Room temperature discharge capacity about 140.6 mA·h·g-1 was obtained at C/5 rate.     

Improved electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 by increasing its specific surface area

Cathode material LiFePO₄ with an excellent rate capability has been successfully prepared by a simple solid state reaction method using LiCH₃COO·2H₂O, FeC₂O₄·2H₂O and (NH₄)₂HPO₄ as the starting materials. We have investigated the effects of the sintering temperature and mixing time of the starting materials on the physical properties and electrochemical performance of LiFePO₄. It was found that the rate capability of LiFePO₄ is mainly controlled by its specific surface area and it is an effective way to improve the rate capability of the sample by increasing its specific surface area. In the present study, our prepared LiFePO₄ with a high specific surface area of 24.1 m² g⁻¹ has an excellent rate capability and can deliver 115 mAh g⁻¹ of reversible capacity even at the 5 C rate. Moreover, we have prepared lithium ion batteries based on LiFePO₄ as the cathode material and MCMB as the anode material, which showed an excellent cycling performance.     

Development of high‐definition aqueous polyvinylpyrrolidone photoresists for cathode ray tubes

Aqueous photoresists that are capable of higher resolutions than are currently employed by the cathode ray tube (CRT) industry were developed by combining photoactivators, which activate at shorter UV wavelengths with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Two photoactivators were synthesized: 4,4′‐diazido‐2,2′‐biphenyl disodium disulfonate (DABP), which has a maximum absorbance at 264 nm, and 4,4′‐diazido‐2,2′‐biphenylethane disodium disulfonate (DABPE), which has a maximum absorbance at 258 nm. The PVP/DABP and PVP/DABPE photoresists successfully imaged a pattern with resolution as small as 4.4 μm with photoactivator concentrations greater than 20% of the PVP concentration. Addition of silane and emulgen greatly improved the performance of the photoresists with more uniform coatings of thicknesses of up to 1.4 μm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1637–1644, 2006     

Possible use of methylbenzenes as electrolyte additives for improving the overcharge tolerances of Li-ion batteries

Based on the voltammetric behaviour of a series of methyl-substituted benzenes in 1M LiPF₆/EC-DMC electrolyte, xylene was selected and tested as an electrolyte additive for overcharge protection of Li-ion batteries. From the overcharge curves, CV behaviour and SEM observations of the cells in the presence of xylene, it was found that the additive can polymerize at the overcharged voltage to form a dense layer of isolating polymer film at the cathode surface, which blocks off further oxidation of the electroactive material and electrolyte and, therefore, improves the overcharge tolerance of the Li-ion battery. In addition, the xylene additive has shown only a slight influence on the cycling behaviour.