废旧锂电池中有价金属回收及三元正极材料的再制备

探讨了磷酸体系下不同因素对废旧锂电池正极材料中有价金属浸出效率的影响，结果表明：在浸出时间60min，反应温度60℃，磷酸浓度2mol/L，液固比20mL/g，还原剂(H₂O₂)体积分数为4%时，可得最佳浸出效果，Co、Li、Mn、Ni浸出效率分别可达96.3%、100%、98.8%和99.5%；浸出液添加相应比例金属离子，采用草酸共沉淀法制备前体材料(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)C₂O₄，并得到相应再生磷酸溶液。再生磷酸进行循环浸出实验，实验研究结果表明：循环浸出5次之后Li的浸出率仍可保持在90.1%，而Co、Mn和Ni的浸出率在75.0%以上。前体添加锂源Li₂CO₃煅烧合成Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂材料，考察了不同温度对Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂材料合成的影响，结果显示，当合成温度为800℃时，得到的材料性能最优良，初次放电容量可达136.4mA·h/g。在0.2C下经过50圈循环后容量保持率为97.2%。     

对伞花烃裂解氧化产物苯甲酸的水相酯化方法研究

对伞花烃裂解氧化产物苯甲酸与硫酸二甲酯的反应可以采用水相酯化法。实验室小试结果显示,苯甲酸的转化率平均为89.97%,苯甲酸甲酯的得率平均为83.16%;车间放大试验结果显示,苯甲酸甲酯的得率为89.00%。水相酯化法与有机相酯化法相比,甲苯的单耗降低38.69%,硫酸二甲酯的单耗下降32.14%,废水量下降35.85%,耗时减少66.67%,设备利用率和生产能力显著提高,氧化催化剂也可以得到回收。     

喷墨印花用液态活性染料稳定性研究

通过对液态染料溶解性、稳定性、耐水解程度等的测试,综合考察了添加剂的种类及用量对高浓度液态活性艳蓝P-3R性能的影响,结果表明:在所考察的四种有机共溶剂中,N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)的效果最好,且其最佳用量为10%;缓冲溶液中Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4的效果较好,最佳用量为3%.     

沉淀法制备碳酸羟基磷灰石的影响因素

通过沉淀法制各了高碳酸根(CO32-)含量的纳米碳酸羟基磷灰石(nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite,CHA).研究了合成温度、初始原料碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3)和磷酸氢二铵[(NH4)2HPO4]的摩尔比[n(CO32-)/n(PO43-)]和pH值对CO32-替代的影响.用X射线衍射和透射电镜表征CHA粉体的物相组成和形貌.用碳硫元素分析仪和红外光谱研究了CO32-替代的含量和类型.结果表明:随着合成温度的升高或原料中CO32-浓度的减小,CHA晶粒尺寸和长径比增加;合成CHA中的晶相组成和CO32-含量主要由n(CO32-)/n(PO43-)决定;而CO32-的替代类型则主要取决于n(CO32-)/n(PO43-)和pH值.在高pH值或高n(CO32-)/n(PO43-)的合成条件下,能够获得以B型替代为主的CHA.     

Possible use of methylbenzenes as electrolyte additives for improving the overcharge tolerances of Li-ion batteries

Based on the voltammetric behaviour of a series of methyl-substituted benzenes in 1M LiPF₆/EC-DMC electrolyte, xylene was selected and tested as an electrolyte additive for overcharge protection of Li-ion batteries. From the overcharge curves, CV behaviour and SEM observations of the cells in the presence of xylene, it was found that the additive can polymerize at the overcharged voltage to form a dense layer of isolating polymer film at the cathode surface, which blocks off further oxidation of the electroactive material and electrolyte and, therefore, improves the overcharge tolerance of the Li-ion battery. In addition, the xylene additive has shown only a slight influence on the cycling behaviour.     

水基(乳液)胶粘剂微生物污染及其罐内防腐效果测试

对广东省部分水基(乳液)胶粘剂生产企业微生物污染的来源和种群进行了调查,建立以微生物攻击挑战性试验来快速判定水基(乳液)胶粘剂罐内防腐效果的评价方法,探索该类胶粘剂微生物污染的有效防治技术。     

Self-emulsifiable soybean oil phosphate ester polyols for low-VOC corrosion resistant coatings

A series of soybean oil phosphate ester polyols (SOPEP) was prepared by reaction of fully epoxidized soybean oil with phosphoric acid and simultanoeous hydrolysis in the presence of a polar solvent. The polyols were characterized by determination of acid value, oxirane number, hydroxyl value, molecular weight (GPC), and FTIR spectra. These polyols with varying amounts of acid phosphate groups could be self-emulsified to form aqueous dispersions after neutralization with organic base. These aqueous dispersion showed varying degrees of stability and their appearance ranged from opaque dispersions to translucent to clear solutions. Waterborne coating compositions were prepared using these aqueous dispersions as principal components and their thermally cured film properties were studied. it was found that by careful selection and formulation, SOPEPs can be successfully used for low-VOC waterborne coating formulations. SOPEPs with 3.5% phosphate ester content showed visibly superior corrosion resistance properties.     

磷酸铁锂锂离子电池正极材料的研究

锂离子电池是绿色高能可充电池，具有工作电压高、比能量大、自放电小、循环寿命长、无记忆效应、无环境污染等突出优点。本文从磷酸铁锂的结构与性能、材料的制备方法、改性、粒径控制等几方面综述了近年来对橄榄石型磷酸铁锂（LiFePO4）锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展。材料的粒度大小及其分布、离子和电子的传导能力对产品的电化学性能影响很大。在制备时，采用惰性气氛、掺杂导电材料和控制晶粒生长制备粉体是获得性能优良的LiFePO4的有效方法。     

两种异噻唑防腐剂抑菌效果的研究

研究了两种异噻唑衍生物防腐剂的防腐最佳pH值，以及防腐剂对微生物的最低抑制浓度（MIC），确定了在洗洁精中，单一防腐剂的最低用量，对两种防腐剂在洗洁精中的混合使用亦进行了研究。     

单组分聚氨酯乳液制备及其结构与性能研究

采用预聚合法,以聚酯二元醇(PEA)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为基本原料合成了分子链上带有亲水基团(-COOH)的聚氯酯预聚体。以特殊的水化方式制得聚酯型水性聚氨酯乳液。讨论了温度、-NCO-与-OH的物质的量之比(R)、亲水基团含量、合成工艺分别对材料力学性能、耐水性、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)等的影响。研究发现,采用前中和工艺、在高速搅拦下将预聚物加入到水中的水化方式,当R值为1．2,羧基含量为1．6％时,合成的聚酯型水性聚氨酯乳液具有较好的贮存稳定性,且涂膜的耐水性和力学性能良好。