CuO Nanoplates for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Batteries

Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries because of the abundance and low cost of K. However, an important challenge faced by KIBs is the search for high‐capacity materials that can hold large‐diameter K ions. Herein, copper oxide (CuO) nanoplates are synthesized as high‐performance anode materials for KIBs. CuO nanoplates with a thickness of ≈20 nm afford a large electrode–electrolyte contact interface and short K⁺ ion diffusion distance. As a consequence, a reversible capacity of 342.5 mAh g^?1 is delivered by the as‐prepared CuO nanoplate electrode at 0.2 A g^?1. Even after 100 cycles at a high current density of 1.0 A g^?1, the capacity of the electrode remains over 206 mAh g^?1, which is among the best values for KIB anodes reported in the literature. Moreover, a conversion reaction occurs at the CuO anode. Cu nanoparticles form during the first potassiation process and reoxidize to Cu₂O during the depotassiation process. Thereafter, the conversion reaction proceeds between the as‐formed Cu₂O and Cu, yielding a reversible theoretical capacity of 374 mAh g^?1. Considering their low cost, easy preparation, and environmental benignity, CuO nanoplates are promising KIB anode materials.     

从电池行业产品质量检测看全国锌锰电池质量现状

根据近几年来全国电池行业电池产品的质量检测结果分析，对我国锌锰电池质量的整体水平、产品结构的变化趋势以及存在的问题作综述。碱锰电池发展迅速，ＬＲ６、ＬＲ０３电池质量较好。普通锌锰电池中，Ｒ６Ｐ锌锰电池质量较好，其它普通锌锰电池总体质量逞下降趋势，质量现状不容乐观。     

方型密封镉镍电池快速充电研究

通过直接测量快速充电过程中端电压和电池内气体压力的变化情况,研究了方型密封镉镍电池在大电流快速充电下充电程度对电池性能的影响.结果表明,以充电曲线上极大值出现后下降10mV即-△V=10mV作为快速充电的终点,能有效地提高充电效率,降低电池内压,延长循环寿命.     

国外电动汽车用金属-空气电池

电池是电动车的主要动力,是制约电动车的性能和发展的最主要因素.现在的电池都不能满足电动车的要求.几种新的电池正在发展之中.其中,金属-空气电池显示了突出的优点,很有可能成为未来的电动车用动力.     

大规模二次电池生产检测设备的可靠性研究

从二次电池大规模生产现场的实际需要,分析了检测设备所应具备的特点,并根据可靠性理论,从设备的设计阶段、制造阶段和使用阶段讨论了提高可靠性的方法,并以实际运行的DK系列电池综合测控系统为例,给出了系统结构、测量端子、恒流源设计、元器件老化筛选等方面的具体措施,经现场实际应用,使设备的可靠性有了较大的提高.     

便携式核仪器电源的设计

如何为便携式产品供电一直是备受关注的话题,各种新型的电池及电源管理器件的应用,为人们的生产生活带来巨大方便,在便携式仪器应用上,以可充电电池的应用较为广泛,但是在某些不方便充电的特殊应用场合,充电式电源的便利性就会受到限制,本文便是探讨如何利用可充电电池与传统的碱性干电池相结合,为便携式仪器供电.     

水介质中有机合成反应的研究进展

近年来,水作为有机合成反应介质的报道相继出现。本文综述了水介质中几类有机合成反应的研究进展,这些反应类型包括还原、氧化、取代、加成、缩合、偶联等。     

Technique for recovering uranium from sludge-like uranium-bearing wastes using hydrochloric acid

Sludge-like uranium-bearing wastes generated from uranium refining and conversion R&D facilities are stored at the Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency. So far, approximately 1500 t of uranium wastes with radioactivity levels exceeding 10,000 Bq/g have been generated. We have proposed an environmentally benign aqueous process for recovering uranium from wastes using hydrochloric acid (HCl). This makes it possible to dispose of the wastes easily, and to reclaim uranium as a resource. In this process, first, the uranium content in the calcium fluoride (CaF₂) sludge along with the entire sludge is dissolved almost completely in aqueous solutions containing HCl and aluminum chloride. The uranium species are then recovered as peroxide from the CaF₂ sludge solution. Their characteristics are similar to those specified for uranium ore concentrate. After recovering the uranium content, the uranium concentration in the solution is reduced to below 0.01 mg/L using an iminodiacetic chelating resin. Also, the uranium concentration of the precipitate generated by the neutralization of the barren solution falls below 1 Bq/g.     

Dissolution of Gaseous Methyl Iodide into Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide Solutions

Absorption process of gaseous methyl iodide by water or sodium hydroxide solutions was investigated using a semi-flow type experimental apparatus by measuring the concentration of all measurable chemical species in both the gas and the liquid phase. The experimental temperature ranged from 288 to 311 K and the gaseous methyl iodide and aqueous sodium hydroxide concentrations were approximately 0.6×10^?3 to 7×10^?3 and 0 to 0.2 mol/dm³, respectively. It is estimated that the dissolution of methyl iodide into the sodium hydroxide solution proceeds according to the following steps.

Step (1) Methyl iodide in air dissolves physically into the aqueous phase. Physical dissolution process obeys Henry's law.

Step (2) Methyl iodide dissolved into the aqueous phase is decomposed by a base catalytic hydrolysis and produces methyl alcohol and iodide ion.

The equilibrium constants of physical dissolution were obtained from the steady concentration in both the gas and the liquid phases in the semi-flow type experiment because the hydrolysis reaction rate of methyl iodide is very slow in comparison with the physical dissolution in this experimental conditions. The obtained value of the standard heat of solution of methyl iodide into water was 7.2kcal/mol.

Salting-out effect was observed when the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the absorbent was over 0.01 mol/dm³.