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91.
A model for building integrated photovoltaic systems has been developed and implemented in a dynamic simulation tool. This tool takes into account the thermal interactions between the PV collector and the building. The influence of the type of integration upon the PV collector efficiency has been evaluated and hybrid PV/air collectors have been studied. An overall efficiency is defined, including the production of electricity and heat. A case study has been performed on two different typical buildings. In the case of a multi-crystalline silicon PV collector integrated on the roof of a single family house located in Paris, the efficiency of unventilated PV modules fixed on the roof is 14%. If the PV collector is used to preheat the ventilation air, the efficiency reaches 20%. A proper building integration also improves the environmental balance of PV technologies over their life cycle. 相似文献
92.
93.
This paper derives the admissible decompositions for a time series dynamic linear model, assuming only that the model is observable. The decompositions depend on factorizations of the characteristic polynomial of the state evolution matrix G into relatively prime factors. This generalizes the method of West (1997 ) which considers one decomposition in the particular case where G is diagonalizable. Conditions are derived for a decomposition to be independent. These results show that no autoregressive process of order d has an independent decomposition for any integer d . Two illustrations of this procedure are discussed in detail. 相似文献
94.
95.
海洋钻井液有机物添加剂生物降解性评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着海洋石油的勘探开发,钻井液有机添加剂不可避免地进入海洋.因此在海洋勘探开发过程中应选择环保性能好,即生物降解性能好的有机物添加剂。用累计耗氧量法测定了海洋钻井液有机添加剂的生物降解性,研究评价了有机添加剂的生物降解规律和机理,探讨了有机物生物降解性同其化学结构的内在联系,为海洋勘探开发过程中选择环保性能好的有机物添加剂提供理论依据。总结实验结果发现:淀粉类(如DFD-140和FI-E1等)最容易生物降解;其次是纤维素类(如MV-CMC等)和烯类单体聚合物(如PAM和PHP);而沥青类、两性离子类则难以生物降解,有的甚至对生物降解起抑制作用。 相似文献
96.
97.
小容量机组保护监控一体化 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
以数字信号处理器(DSP)和复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)为硬件平台,研制了新一代面向中、小型水电站的综合自动化模块.充分发挥MB40智能可编程逻辑控制器(iPLC)及MB100系列保护测控系统的技术优势,将小型水电站的保护装置做成模块插件,融入监控系统,降低了小型水电站自动化设备的成本,为推出真正意义上的面向小型水电站的"五合一"产品打下坚实的基础. 相似文献
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99.
A technique for designing efficient checkers for conventional Berger code is proposed in this paper. The check bits are derived by partitioning the information bits into two blocks, and then using an addition array to sum the number of 1's in each block. The check bit generator circuit uses a specially designed 4-input 1's counter. Two other types of 1's counters having 2 and 3 inputs are also used to realize checkers for variable length information bits. Several variations of 2-bit adder circuits are used to add the number of 1's. The check bit generator circuit uses gates with fan-in of less than or equal to 4 to simplify implementation in CMOS. The technique achieves significant improvement in gate count as well as speed over existing approaches. 相似文献
100.
V. Székely M. Rencz J.M. Karam M. Lubaszewski B. Courtois 《Journal of Electronic Testing》1998,12(1-2):81-92
With the increasing power density in integrated systems resulting from scaling down, the occurrence of field failures due to overheating has considerably increased. Faulty operation can be prevented by on-line temperature monitoring. This paper deals with questions of on-line temperature monitoring in safety-critical systems. First the possible temperature sensors are reviewed and basic principles of self-checking systems including such sensors are detailed, then a new temperature sensor cell with extremely good parameters designed especially for DfTT applications is presented. The basic questions of integrating thermal sensors into self-checking systems are also discussed. 相似文献