第二套常减压装置低温热回收技术的应用

常减压装置低温余热较多.利用较少,造成热量损失。利用初顶油气、稳定石脑油等低温余热加热除盐水建立热水站,在节汽、节电等方面取得了较好的效果。     

具有多重焦点的波带透镜的设计

本文提出了一种新型的具有多重焦点的波带透镜的概念及其设计方法。可提供某些特定的光场分布,而且具有性能稳定、微型化和可实际制作等特点。     

大气激光通信中的光斑特性模拟和验证

根据空-地大气激光通信信道的特性,基于惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,应用夫琅禾费圆孔衍射的算法,对光波强度和光斑图像在光束截面内的分布进行分析及计算,研究了传输距离、发射孔径、激光波长以及湍流结构常数等对光斑形状及光强分布的影响。利用对数正态分布建立了大气湍流信道模型,通过对不同传输距离条件下光斑上不同点的光强分布进行计算统计和仿真分析,实验和仿真结果表明：光斑的光强分布图样服从贝塞尔分布。因此,在相同的大气湍流条件下,选择较长波长激光和较大孔径的发射器,可以有效降低光强闪烁引起的衰减,从而提高大气激光的通信质量。     

基于互补原理确定黄土高原Budyko方程的流域特性参数

Budyko方程的流域特性参数一般根据植被覆盖度等下垫面特征进行确定,但相关资料不易获取。本文针对黄土高原地区29个小流域,通过分析流域特性参数、植被覆盖度和互补关系中大气湿润指数之间的关系发现,大气湿润指数能够间接反映植被覆盖度的大小,进而能够利用常规气象数据确定流域特性参数,并拟合出了经验公式。相比采用固定流域特性参数,这种方法能够提高Budyko方程对实际蒸散发量的模拟效果。相比于植被覆盖度等下垫面资料,常规气象数据时间序列长、且更易获取,因此本方法具有较好的应用前景。     

Automatic optical inspection of plated through-holes for ultrahigh density printed wiring boards

An automatic optical through-hole inspection system for ultrahigh density printed wiring boards (PWBs) using leakage light detection has been developed. To detect the dim leakage light emitted from the through-hole defect, we enhanced the sensitivity of the light detector 150 times using a microchannel plate tube. However, the tube caused two problems: stray light sensing and image distortion. To solve these problems, we optically isolated the sensing optics and developed a distortion correction method. We have developed a prototype system that can detect a defect as small as 100 m.     

Fiber optic sensing for ultrasonic NDE

An innovative approach to nondestructive evaluation (NDE) using noncontacting optical sensors has demonstrated. In this effort a single mode optical fiber interferometer (OFI) was used to sense the presence and form of Rayleigh waves traveling along the surface of a steel test bar at a velocity of nearly 3mm/µs. Acousto-optic time-domain data was successfully used to detect the presence and locate the position of a test flaw (a machined slot) in the bar, and spectrum analysis was used to estimate its geometry and size. This approach has many potential applications in the ultrasonic evaluation of real flaws in structures with complex geometries. Coupled with the authors' earlier work demonstrating the feasibility of generating acoustic waves in metals using laser light pulses transmitted through the fiber optic probes, this latest achievement points to the development of a fully noncontacting, fiber optic based thermal-acousto-photonic (TAP) NDE system, with potential applications to the reliability testing of many important structures where composition, scale, geometry, or restricted access preclude the use of conventional NDE techniques.     

大气电场倒转与突发钠层及突发E层的相关性

突发钠层(Sporadic Sodium Layer, Na_S)是中高层大气金属层最为显著的一种现象,其发生机制目前尚无定论。突发E层(Sporadic E layer, E_S)是等离子体密度异常增大的薄层,被认为与Na_S密切相关。为进一步研究Na_S及E_S事件之间相关性及影响因素,利用中国科学院“子午工程”2010～2018年合肥科大站宽带钠荧光共振激光雷达观测结果,并结合武汉左岭镇站数字测高仪及九峰站大气电场仪数据,分析大气电场倒转(即北向电场)对Na_S以及E_S事件的影响。在统计的91例Na_S事件中,发生于大气电场倒转时的比例为20/91; 同时,在发生Na_S事件的事例中,E_S消失或中断的比例较大(14/20),表明E_S可能以提供钠源的形式转化为Na_S。此外,在分析武汉左岭镇站数字测高仪数据的同时进行概率统计,结果表明:当大气电场倒转时,E_S临界频率减小甚至消失的概率较大(187/242),少数情况下可能造成临界频率增大甚至激发E_S生成(55/242); E_S虚高消失比例为179/242,E_S不变比例为27/242,E_S上升比例为23/242。综上所述,大气北向电场在一定程度上对E_S事件的发生有抑制作用,并对E_S事件的发生高度有明显影响。最后,对一种与电场倒转相关的突发钠层机制也进行了讨论。     

金属大气腐蚀实验技术进展

综述了金属大气腐蚀的实验方法和分析手段及各种方 法的优缺点，探讨了金属大气腐蚀研究的发展趋势.     

海洋工程用钢的大气腐蚀与耐候钢的发展

综述了海洋工程用钢的大气腐蚀行为与耐候钢发展方面的研究,特别是近十余年来国内外的相关成果。首先介绍了钢大气腐蚀的电化学模型,并从耐候钢特殊的锈层结构与合金元素作用两方面论述了耐候钢的锈层保护机制;然后分析了环境因素,包括相对湿度与污染物、光照、锈层损伤等,对耐候钢大气腐蚀行为的影响;最后总结了耐候钢的发展历程以及晶粒尺寸与显微组织等非合金因素在耐候钢发展中的作用,可为新型耐候钢的设计与应用提供指导。     

Synthesis and optical properties of polyacetylenes containing nonlinear optical chromophores

High molecular weight polyacetylenes bearing nonlinear chromophoric pendants poly[4-ethynyl-4′-(N,N-diethylamino)azobenzene-co-phenylacetylene]s [poly(EAAB-co-PA)s] were synthesized in moderate yields by [Rh(nbd)Cl]₂-Et₃N. The azo unit in the copolymers can be effectively controlled by the monomer feed ratio. Whereas the homopolymer of EAAB possessed low solubility, all the copolymers, however, dissolved readily in common organic solvents when the poly(EAAB) molar content was less than 41.7%. The structures and properties of the polymers were characterized and evaluated by UV, NMR, optical limiting, and nonlinear optical analyses. All the copolymers possessed high stereoregularity and thermal stability (≥300 °C). They can attenuate intense laser pulses, with solutions of high concentrations showing better performances. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the copolymers was as high as 4.62×10⁻¹¹ esu, which are two orders of magnitude larger than those of poly(PA), and larger than that of poly(N-carbazoylacetylene), and poly(1-naphthylacetylene).