高分2号图像业务化大气校正查找表的设计与实现

为实现高分2号图像(GF2)业务化大气校正,利用矢量6S模型(6SV)将辐射传输散射与吸收进行分离计算,其中散射部分采用涵盖各种大气模式、气溶胶类型、成像几何等条件下的大气校正查找表(look-up tables,LUTs)表示,大气吸收部分采用6SV拟合计算的6种大气模式下大气透过率的经验公式表示,这种处理有效简化了查找表大小.在内存4 GB、主频3.10 GHz条件下,通过比较基于本查找表方法和基于FLAASH大气校正软件对北京地区一景GF2数据处理.结果表明:以6SV模型直接大气校正法结果作为真值,两者的绝对误差分别为0.8%和2.6%,处理时间分别为77 s和240 s,该大气校正查找表在处理精度和效率更加适合业务化大气校正.     

近海大气环境下低矮RC剪力墙抗震性能试验

为了解近海大气环境下低矮RC剪力墙的抗震性能,采用人工气候实验室对6片剪跨比1.0的低矮RC剪力墙试件进行模拟近海大气环境腐蚀试验,进而对其进行拟静力试验,得到不同轴压比和不同锈胀裂缝宽度下腐蚀试件的滞回曲线,绘制出各个试件的骨架曲线,分析轴压比和锈胀裂缝宽度对腐蚀试件强度、刚度、延性、耗能能力等抗震性能指标的影响.结果表明:随轴压比增加,腐蚀试件的承载力和刚度不断提高,而延性和变形恢复能力却降低,表明在近海大气环境下对低矮RC剪力墙进行抗震设计时需要严格控制其轴压比;随锈胀裂缝宽度的增加,试件的开裂荷载和峰值荷载不断降低,刚度、延性和耗能能力均变差,当遭受腐蚀较为严重时,脆性破坏更为显著,说明在近海大气环境下低矮RC剪力墙内部钢筋锈蚀越来越严重,抗震性能越来越差.     

大气颗粒物源解析监测中的质量控制

为确保石家庄市大气颗粒物源解析研究数据的准确性和精密性,首先结合城市自然环境、能源结构、大气环境质量现状等进行合理布点采样,同时在大气颗粒物样品采集、滤膜称量、化学组分分析等监测过程中实施了空白分析、实验室平行样分析、标准曲线绘制与核查、加标回收、有证标准物质核查等一系列质量保证措施,通过对这些质量保证措施实施情况的阐述与质量控制数据的统计、计算与分析,证明了该大气颗粒物源解析监测工作从样品采集及其称量到化学组分分析等全过程是真实有效的,表明了石家庄市大气颗粒物源解析监测数据的准确性和监测工作的可靠性.     

Atmospheric CO2 retrieval with a look-up-table based method by combining near and thermal infrared spectra

In order to precisely retrieve the atmospheric CO2 , a retrieval method based on both near infrared （NIR） and thermal infrared （TIR） is established firstly. Then a look-up-table （LUT） based fast line-by-line radiative transfer model （RTM） was integrated into the retrieval procedure to accelerate radiative transfer calculations. The LUT stores gas absorption cross-sections as a function of temperature, pressure and wavenumber. It could greatly reduce calculating time in radiative transfer compared to direct line-by-line method. Then retrieval was simulated using NIR, TIR and both bands. The retrieved CO2 profiles suggest joint approach could reconstruct CO2 profile better than those using NIR or TIR alone. Joint retrieval using both bands simultaneously could provide better constrain to CO2 vertical distribution in the whole troposphere.     

NH_4Cl薄层液膜下X70钢腐蚀的电化学研究

采用电化学阻抗法和阴极极化曲线法研究了X70钢在含NH4Cl薄层液膜下的电化学行为.研究了液膜厚度、NH4Cl浓度对X70钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明,液膜厚度降低,X70钢腐蚀电位正移,阴极极限扩散电流增大.液膜厚度为130μm时,阴极极限扩散电流达最大值.液膜厚度为130~100μm时,阴极极限扩散电流反而降低.液膜厚度进一步减薄,阴极极限扩散电流又增大.薄层液膜下,NH4Cl浓度增大,阴极极限扩散电流减小,抑制了阴极过程;随着NH4Cl浓度增大,X70钢腐蚀的电荷传递电阻减小,对阳极过程有一定的促进作用,从而加速X70钢的腐蚀速率.     

近地面大气垂直折光实验研究

首先利用三角高程的原理推导出大气垂直折光系数的求解公式,并对其进行精度评定;然后在不同的环境条件下采集数据,计算大气垂直折光系数。分别在晴天不同高度、阴天水泥地面上和晴天汽车上方3种条件下进行近地面低视线大气垂直折光的实验研究;最后总结出近地面大气垂直折光的规律,为中间法三角高程测量提供指导性建议。     

Chemical,thermal, and mechanical properties and ultraviolet transmittance of novel nano-hydroxyapatite/polyethylene terephthalate milk bottles

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) composite granules were obtained using twin-screw extruder. Preforms were prepared by injection molding and then PET/nHAp bottles were produced by blow molding. For PET bottles with nHAp, the migration amounts of carboxylic acid (COOH), acetaldehyde (AA), diethylene glycol (DEG), and isophthalic acid (IPA); glass transition temperature (T_g); melting temperature (T_m); and the maximum crystallization temperature (T_cry) were measured. The load-carrying capacity, burst strength, stress cracking, and regional material distribution tests were carried out on the bottles. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and ultraviolet transmittance analyses were conducted to explain the changes in mechanical, chemical, physical properties, and light transmission of bottles. It was found out that the COOH amount increased and the AA content decreased with increasing nHAp amount. On the other hand, no change was observed in the amounts of DEG and IPA. Although the mechanical properties such as load-carrying capacity and burst strength of the bottles have improved, it has been determined that the standard environmental stress crack resistance test procedure cannot be applied to such a composite. Experimental findings indicate that nHAp disrupts the chemical structure of PET and it isolates harmful chemicals such as AA by forming intermolecular bonds. Moreover, with the addition of up to 0.8% nHAp, PET bottles block the light transmission approximately 80% within 400–700 nm wave length zone. The study demonstrates that the PET/nHAp composite bottles can be used in the food industry, particularly in the packaging of milk and milk products which are vulnerable to light exposure.     

用Kelvin探头技术研究铝合金的大气腐蚀

选择航空工业广泛使用的铝、铝合金及其涂层的试样，利用自行研制的Kelvin探头大气腐蚀测定仪、扫描电镜等设备，研究了纯铝试样随温、湿度变化，其表面电位的变化规律，测定了铝合金及涂层试样大气曝晒试验和周浸试验前后的表面电位、形貌,对铝、铝合金以及涂层的腐蚀规律进行了初步的探讨.结果表明，纯铝试样表面无可见液膜时，腐蚀电位随相对湿度增加逐渐下降；表面有可见液膜时，随着液层蒸发逐渐减薄，电位逐渐正移.铝合金裸材在北京大气环境下电位变化较小，且各个位置的电位基本相同.带涂层的试样优先在缺陷处发生腐蚀，并不断向周围扩展，涂层的剥离面积不断增大.涂层的铝合金，划痕处在腐蚀发生的初期腐蚀电位向负方向变化很快，但是随着时间的延长，腐蚀电位变化的速率减慢，并有向正方向移动的趋势.      

稀土强化Pt-Pd-Rh合金针织催化网在硝酸生产常压炉中的应用研究

在H厂生产硝酸的2套机组4台氨氧化常压炉中用Pt-Rh或Pt-Pd-Rh针织催化网作实验,并将稀土强化Pt-Pd-Rh针织催化网与该2种催化网进行了应用比较.用化学分析、光谱定量、光电子能谱、扫描电镜等方法分析了样品的组成及状态.结果表明,优化配套的稀土强化Pt-Pd-Rh针织催化网转化效率高、吨酸铂耗低、使用寿命长,合金中Pt高温氧化轻微,Rh的表面氧化及富集减弱,催化效果明显.提出了氨氧化常压炉用铂合金针织催化网的配套措施.     

Steam oxidation resistance of two-layered Ni-Cr and Al APS coating for USC boiler applications

Thermal spray of Ni-Cr and Al coatings was attempted on modified 9Cr-1Mo steel, to evaluate their steam oxidation resistance. Atmospheric plasma spray (APS) coatings of 50Ni-50Cr as undercoat and Al topcoat were attempted with the aim that the pores produced by 50Ni-50Cr undercoat can be filled with Al topcoat during the steam oxidation. The steam oxidized samples evinced the Ni and Cr diffusion towards the Al coating structure and changed the topcoat in to the Ni-Al intermetallics. Though the two-layered coating exhibited an excellent performance against the steam oxidation for the base steel substrate till 3000 h of test, the top layers of the coating underwent significant internal oxidation.