常减压装置初馏塔顶产品干点软测量的应用研究

在常减压装置中,影响初馏塔顶石脑油干点的因素很多,反应十分复杂,故难以建立准确的机理模型.针对传统的主元分析法(PCA)或自适应模糊推理系统(ANFIS)建立软测模型中的缺点,本文提出采用主元分析法预处理输入变量,再结合自适应模糊推理系统,进行常减压装置初馏塔顶石脑油干点的软测量模型的改进,能及时测定化工过程的变量,对稳定生产过程,有效控制产品质量具有重要意义.通过MATLAB仿真,表明该改进型方法的软测建模效果较好,建模的训练时间大大节省了,且泛化能力和拟合精度很好.     

微通道板BeO防离子反馈膜粒子阻透率的模拟研究

带有防离子反馈膜的微通道板是第三代微光像增强器件中的核心部件。文章阐述了防离子反馈膜的电子透过、离子阻止特性,利用Monte-Carlo模拟方法计算了氧化铍和三氧化二铝防离子反馈膜电子透过率和离子阻止率在不同条件下的变化曲线。模拟结果表明,氧化铍薄膜比三氧化二铝薄膜的电子透过特性好,而三氧化二铝薄膜比氧化铍薄膜的离子阻止本领好,证实了氧化铍作为防离子反馈膜的可行性。     

部分相干径向偏振拉盖尔-高斯脉冲光束在大气湍流中传输的光谱移动和光谱开关

研究了部分相干径向偏振拉盖尔-高斯(partially coherent radially polarized Laguerre-Gaussian, PCRPLG)脉冲光束在大气湍流中传输时的光谱移动和光谱开关。研究发现,在湍流大气传输时,光束轴上点光谱因受湍流影响产生的双谱峰现象会发生跃变,湍流越强,光谱在跃变后相对谱移变化越稳定,而轴外点光谱在越强的湍流中相对谱移变化范围越小。研究还发现,适当增加脉冲宽度会明显减小大气湍流对光束轴上点和轴外点光谱移动的影响。在不同脉宽下,轴上和轴外点光谱均会出现光谱开关,且轴外点光谱会产生两次光谱跃变的独特现象。在固定的传输距离上,拓扑荷越大,轴上点光谱移动越小,近轴范围内光谱相对谱移的变化范围越小,此外,不同拓扑荷下光谱均会出现谱开关。相干度越大时,光谱的变化越稳定,轴外点光谱的光谱开关发生位置越远。本文的研究结果为多普勒激光雷达的应用提供理 论依据,PCRPLG脉冲光束本身具有较强抗湍流能力,且通过调控光束参数可以减小光束光谱移动。     

Performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation in asymmetrical dual-hop mixed RF-FSO transmission system

This paper investigates the performance of a dual-hop mixed relay system with radio frequency (RF) and free-space optics (FSO) communication under the effect of pointing error (PE) and atmospheric turbulence (AT). This paper considers a system where RF and FSO links are cascaded. The RF link is modeled by Nakagami-m fading, and the FSO link is modeled as gamma–gamma (G-G) fading channel. Both the channel models use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The expressions for probability density function, cumulative distribution function, signal-to-noise ratio, and ergodic capacity are derived. The moment generating function (MGF) of fading and the bit error rate (BER) of the OFDM-based M-ary QAM scheme is derived in terms of Meijer's G-function. It has been observed that, in fixed gain relay systems, the modulation scheme's BER is dominated by the SNR of the RF link. While in a variable gain relay system, the turbulence conditions of the FSO system affect the SNR and the BER of the modulation method. The feasibility of heterodyne detection and intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) is analyzed in terms of outage probability and ergodic capacity. The results can be used to choose the optimal modulation order and relay system for QAM-OFDM-based optical wireless systems.     

A 2.20 eV Bandgap Polymer Donor for Efficient Colorful Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells

Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have attracted increasing attention due to their promising prospect in building-integrated photovoltaics. Generally, efficient ST-OSCs with good average visible transmittance (AVT) can be realized by developing active layer materials with light absorption far from the visible light range. Herein, the development of ultrawide bandgap polymer donors with near-ultraviolet absorption, paired with near-infrared acceptors, is proposed to achieve high-performance ST-OSCs. The key points for the design of ultrawide bandgap polymers include constructing donor–donor type conjugated skeleton, suppressing the quinoidal resonance effect, and minimizing the twist of conjugated skeleton via noncovalent conformational locks. As a proof of concept, a polymer named PBOF with an optical bandgap of 2.20 eV is synthesized, which exhibited largely reduced overlap with the human eye photopic response spectrum and afforded a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.40% in opaque device. As a result, ST-OSCs with a PCE over 10% and an AVT over 30% are achieved without optical modulation. Moreover, colorful ST-OSCs with visual aesthetics can be achieved by tuning the donor/acceptor weight ratio in active layer benefiting from the ultrawide bandgap nature of PBOF. This study demonstrates the great potential of ultrawide bandgap polymers for efficient colorful ST-OSCs.     

雾霾图像清晰化算法综述

雾霾图像不仅影响视觉效果,而且模糊不清晰的图像容易为后续识别、理解等高层次任务带来困难。雾霾图像清晰化问题是一个典型的不适定问题,其成像过程难以精确建模,消除图像中的雾霾面临巨大的挑战。近年来,研究者提出大量的图像去雾算法克服雾霾引起的图像降质退化,为全面认识和理解图像清晰化算法,论文对其进行梳理和综述。首先,对雾霾图像清晰化算法进行整理,根据雾霾退化过程是否有模型支持,将清晰化算法分为基于Retinex模型、大气散射模型去雾算法和无模型图像去雾算法。大气散射模型是有模型算法中主流模型,本文详细剖析了模型成像机理,并根据其成像机制揭示大气散射模型容易受大气浓度均匀分布假设的限制,较难处理非均匀雾霾图像问题。基于深度学习的无模型图像去雾算法则不仅可以应对非均匀雾霾图像,而且去雾性能获得了极大地提升。其次,本文汇总了近年来常用去雾数据集,从数据集适应范围、规模、可扩展性等多个维度进行总结。并根据雾霾图像形成方式,对人工合成雾霾数据集和真实拍摄数据集分别从定性和定量的角度探讨了数据集对图像去雾算法的影响。     

结合WLS滤波与还原控制因子的图像去雾

雾天退化图像的复原过程中,针对大气光幕和大气亮度估计不准确导致光晕效应、偏色现象和对比度不足等问题,提出一种结合WLS (weighted least square)滤波与还原控制因子的去雾算法.首先分析WLS滤波器的原理和性能,并用于大气光幕的有效提取;其次利用Sobel算子检测二值化图像边缘,将边缘数目与像素均值同时作为四叉树空间索引的依据,提高大气亮度的估计准确性;最后分析天空出现颜色失衡现象的原因,引入还原控制因子改善视觉效果.实验结果表明,去雾后图像的平均梯度整体提高58.03%,信息熵提高2.88%,运行时间节省50%以上.该方法对含有浓雾、薄雾以及天空等深度复杂的远景图像、近景图像均能得到高对比度、可视度和色彩保真度的恢复效果.     

The Electrochemical Response of Single Crystalline Copper Nanowires to Atmospheric Air and Aqueous Solution

In this paper, single crystalline copper nanowires (CuNWs) have been electrochemically grown through anodic aluminum oxide template. The environmental stability of the as‐obtained CuNWs in both 40% relative humidity (RH) atmosphere and 0.1 m NaOH aqueous solution has been subsequently studied. In 40% RH atmosphere, a uniform compact Cu₂O layer is formed as a function of exposure time following the logarithmic law and epitaxially covers the CuNW surfaces. It is also found that the oxide layers on CuNWs are sequentially grown when subjected to the cyclic voltammetry measurement in 0.1 m NaOH solution. An epitaxially homogeneous Cu₂O layer is initially formed over the surface of the CuNW substrates by solid‐state reaction (SSR). Subsequently, the conversion of Cu₂O into epitaxial CuO based on the SSR takes place with the increase of applied potential. This CuO layer is partially dissolved in the solution forming Cu(OH)₂, which then redeposited on the CuNW surfaces (i.e., dissolution‐redeposition (DR) process) giving rise to a mixed polycrystalline CuO/Cu(OH)₂ layer. The further increase of applied potential allows the complete oxidation of Cu₂O into CuO to form a dual‐layer structure (i.e., CuO inner layer and Cu(OH)₂ outer layer) with random orientations through an enhanced DR process.     

纳米TiO_2/PC-PP光扩散复合材料的结构与性能

采用熔融复合的方法制备了纳米TiO_2/聚碳酸酯-聚丙烯(TiO_2/PC-PP)光扩散复合材料。分别采用SEM和DSC研究了纳米TiO_2/PC-PP复合材料的微观结构和等温结晶性能,并研究了复合材料的热稳定性与光学性能。结果表明:纳米TiO_2的加入使得光扩散体系中分散相的平均尺寸变小,形态更加均一,并且随着复合材料中纳米TiO_2质量分数的增加,复合材料的半结晶时间逐渐延长,总体结晶速率变慢。纳米TiO_2的加入使复合材料的初始热降解温度以及最终残余量升高,当PP中纳米TiO_2质量分数为5%时,复合材料的透光率达到80%,雾度为88%,此时纳米TiO_2/PC-PP复合材料的光扩散性能较好。     

大气环境下电网设备金属材料的腐蚀及服役寿命预测研究进展

电网安全是电力企业生存和发展的根本,随着电网的不断发展,对电网的安全性、可靠性提出了更高的要求。但在电网运行过程中安全形势依然面临严重威胁,其中,由于电网设备金属材料的腐蚀造成的设备安全问题较为普遍,输电网中金属部件的腐蚀失效、防护技术,以及服役寿命预测的研究日趋受到各地区电力部门的重视。结合电网设备金属部件的服役环境和腐蚀失效情况,综述了当前电网金属部件大气腐蚀的影响因素及其影响规律,介绍了当前大气环境下电网金属部件材料的服役寿命预测的分析方法,及在预测电网设备金属部件于大气环境中服役寿命的应用。