催化精馏合成异丙苯过程催化剂装填结构研究

为考察不同催化剂装填结构对催化精馏合成异丙苯过程的影响 ,在热态反应器中进行苯烃化催化精馏合成异丙苯的研究。反应器直径为 3 0mm ,高 2 0 0 0mm ,所用催化剂为 β改性沸石分子筛。操作压力0 .7MPa ,温度 43 0— 480K ,苯质量空速 4— 6h- 1 ,苯烯摩尔比 1.1— 2 .2 ,回流比 9— 2 0。催化剂装填结构由不锈钢填料与催化剂颗粒组成 ,三种装填结构的空隙率分别为 85 .1% ,81.6%和 79.4%。结果表明 ,对于异丙苯合成体系 ,装填结构对催化精馏的总体效果起决定性影响。在催化剂装填总量不变的前提下 ,异丙苯的选择性与丙烯的转化率均随催化剂装填结构空隙率的提高而提高。在优化条件下 ,异丙苯的选择性达97% ,丙烯转化率接近 10 0 %。催化剂装填结构对异丙苯选择性的影响比对丙烯转化率的影响更显著     

Mechanisms of hydrocarbon conversion reactions on heterogeneous catalysts: analogies with organometallic chemistry

Catalysis is central to most industrial processes for chemical manufacturing. As catalytic processes have become more complex and more demanding, selectivity has become the central issue in their design. Selectivity is defined by the relative rates of competing reaction pathways available to crucial intermediates, and can be controlled by subtle changes in the nature of the catalyst, the reactants, and/or the reaction conditions. In order to be able to do this in a systematic manner, a good understanding of the catalytic reaction mechanisms is needed. Here a connection is drawn between the key elementary steps comprising hydrocarbon conversion reactions on surfaces and those known to occur on discrete organometallic complexes. This way, the hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, chain growth, and isomerization reactions typical in heterogeneous catalysis are redefined in terms of hydride elimination, oxidative addition, reductive elimination, migratory insertion, and 1, 2-shift elementary steps, among others. It is suggested that the knowledge already available from organometallic chemistry can be used to further advance the understanding of the surface science involved in heterogeneous catalysis. Thanks to the commonality of the chemistry involved, a better synergy could also be established between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic development. These ideas are discussed in this article in a critical and personal way.*Invited contribution to the special volume entitled The Interface between Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis, stemming from contributions at the recent International Symposium on Relations between Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis, and dedicated to the memory of Robert L. Burwell.     

变频器在氯碱生产中的应用

介绍了交流电机变频调速的原理和注意事项,以便合理地使用变频器。     

废硫酸裂解制酸装置转化工序技术改造

介绍了中国石油抚顺石化公司石油二厂废硫酸裂解制酸装置的运行情况及转化工序存在的问题。对该工序进行了技术改造:更换了转化反应催化剂,调整转化工序换热流程,增加了换热器,去掉转化混合器,同时增加了转化工序设备和管线的保温层厚度。改造后装置运行平稳,硫酸转化率达到设计值,并多生产硫酸520万t/a,排放尾气中SO2的质量浓度低于960mg/m3,同时节约电耗100万kWh/a,实现了经济效益和环境效益的双增长。     

Qt在EQT格式地震日志转换中的应用

主要讨论了基于Qt的地震日志格式转换软件的设计及其实现方法。     

运用BP网络分析尿素合成塔CO_2转化率

采用BP神经网络模型预测尿素合成塔CO_2 转化率 ,分析了氨碳比和水碳比与转化率之间的关系。详细介绍了建模过程并对隐含层神经元数和迭代次数对网络性能的影响进行了讨论。分析结果表明 :所建模型能准确地对CO_2 转化率进行预测 ,平均相对误差在 1 0 %以内 ;CO_2 转化率随氨碳比的增大而显著增加 ,水碳比的影响则相对较小。     

氨合成塔触媒升温还原中水汽浓度分析方法改进

采用电石转化氢焰色谱法,用TDX-01固定相为分离柱,分析氨合成塔触媒升温还原中水汽浓度。     

基于BIM数据的建筑抗震弹塑性分析建模技术

针对建筑信息模型(Building Information Model,BIM)的共享数据标准为IFC标准,但现有软件导出的IFC格式模型缺少关键数据,不能满足结构非线性抗震分析数据需求的问题,提出建筑抗震弹塑性分析数据基于IFC标准的表达方法,编写C++转换程序将BIM包含的数据正确地转换成不同软件(如Marc和OpenSees等)的模型,从而可以使用不同的结构分析软件实现建筑抗震弹塑性分析.该方法为基于BIM数据实现建筑抗震弹塑性分析提供参考.     

Catalytic conversion of methane to benzene over Mo/ZSM-5

Dehydroaromatization of methane to benzene occurs over a 2 wt% Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst at 700C under non-oxidizing conditions. Following an initial induction period, during which CH₄ reactant reduces the original Mo⁶⁺ ions in the zeolite to Mo₂C and deposition of coke occurs, a benzene selectivity of 70% at a CH₄ conversion of 8–10% could be sustained for more than 16 h. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction measurements indicate that the reduced Mo is highly dispersed in the channels of the zeolite. Initial activation of CH₄ reactant occurs on Mo₂C sites, leading to the formation of C₂H₄ as the primary product. The latter then undergoes subsequent oligomerization reactions on acidic sites of the zeolite to form aromatic products.     

降低全低变工艺阻力的措施

将变换流程改为全低变工艺后,吨氨蒸汽消耗明显下降,但触媒床层阻力迅速上升.通过采取增设焦炭过滤器、更换触媒、改进蒸汽分布器等一系列措施,不仅保证了正常的生产指标,而且还使变换炉的阻力有了明显下降,取得了满意的效果.