Photovoltaic-integrated building facades

Photovoltaic (PV) cells, when integrated within a building facade, offer the possibility of generating electric power and heat for local use or export. This paper reports on a project to investigate the practical operational efficiencies that might be delivered from such facades. The results from laboratory experiments and computer simulations are presented: the former were used to develop an empirical relationship between cell temperature and power output; the latter were undertaken to assess operational efficiencies under a range of climate conditions representative of the UK.     

组合拱式管桥计算机模拟设计

本文在已有成果资料的基础上，为组合拱式管桥的设计建立了常规设计表达式，并研制出组合拱式管桥计算机模拟的程序软件ＣＡＰＢＤ。该软件具有以下计算功能：（１）计算组合管拱的几何特征参数；（２）计算组合管拱自重和组合拱式管桥的竖向荷载及其材料费用；（３）分析和计算各种载荷作用下组合拱式管桥的内力；（４）组合拱式管桥各控制截面强度校核、稳定性验算以及拱支墩稳定性验算和地基承载力强度校核。     

Vegetation Change in Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands: Deviation from the Historical Cycle

Water-level change is integral to the structure and function of Great Lakes coastal wetlands, and many studies document predictable relationships between vegetation and water level. However, anthropogenic stressors, such as invasive species, land-use change, and water-level stabilization, interact to shift the historical cycle (of native vegetation migration up- and down-slope) toward dominance by invasive Typha species. Knowing from earlier studies that water-level stabilization alters the historical vegetation cycle, we asked if similar shifts can occur where water levels are not stabilized. Using historical aerial photographs of three coastal wetlands (in Lake Michigan's Green Bay, Wisconsin), we determined that habitat dominated by Typha species has expanded to eliminate wet meadow habitat. Between 1974 and 1992, linear regressions showed strong, significant relationships of both meadow area (R² ≥ 0.894; p < 0.02) and marsh area (R² ≥ 0.784; p < 0.05) to water level in all three wetlands. In 2000, meadow area was below that predicted by the historical pattern due to the landward advance of marsh habitat during a year of decreasing water levels. In the same period, land use in the wetland watersheds converted from agriculture to urban. Urbanization and the replacement of native Typha latifolia by the invasive hybrid Typha xglauca may have overwhelmed the beneficial impact of water-level fluctuation. The documentation of vegetation shifts, as herein, is an essential step in the process of preserving and restoring ecological integrity.     

基于地面先验的3D目标检测算法

为了提高自动驾驶汽车环境感知的性能,增强单目相机对障碍物三维和边界信息的感知能力,提出了一种基于地面先验的3D目标检测算法。基于优化的中心网络(CenterNet)模型,以DLA(deep layer aggregation)为主干网络,增加目标3D边沿框中心点冗余信息预测。根据自动驾驶场景的地面先验信息,结合针孔相机模型,获取目标3D中心深度信息,以优化深度网络学习效果。使用KITTI 3D数据集评测算法性能,结果表明:在保证2D目标检测准确性的基础上,该算法运行帧率约20 fps,满足自动驾驶感知实时性要求;同时相比于CenterNet模型,在平均方位角得分(average orientation score)和鸟视图平均准确率(bird eye view AP)上分别有4.4和4.4%的性能提升。因而,该算法可以提高自动驾驶汽车对障碍物三维和边界信息的感知能力。     

车联网中基于轨迹预测的无人机动态协同优化覆盖算法

针对城市车联网中出现的基站覆盖空洞及局部流量过载等问题,提出了一种基于车辆轨迹预测信息的动态预部署方案。首先,为了训练得到统一的seq2seq-GRU轨迹预测模型,多个携带边缘计算服务器的无人机在分布式联邦学习与区块链的架构下,去除中心聚合节点,采取改进的Raft算法,在每轮训练中根据贡献数据量的大小,选举得到节点来完成参数聚合及模型更新任务。其次,基于模型预测结果,提出了一种改进的虚拟力向导部署算法,通过各虚拟力来引导无人机进行动态地部署以提升车辆的接入率及通信质量。仿真结果表明,提出的训练架构能够加速模型的训练,部署算法在提升车辆接入率的同时提升了车辆与无人机之间的通信质量。     

架空乘人装置用隔爆兼本安型控制箱的研制

针对采用继电器控制方式控制架空乘人装置存在维护困难、工作效率低、安全性能差等问题,提出了一种基于PLC控制的架空乘人装置用控制箱的研制方案,介绍了该控制箱的硬件、软件设计及功能特点。该控制箱采用PLC作为控制核心、MT6070I系列触摸屏作为人机界面,实现了架空乘人装置及时停车、急停闭锁、状态及时显示、保护等功能。实际应用表明,该控制箱运行稳定,实现了全自动无人值守运行,提高了架空乘人装置的安全性和可靠性。     

Heuristic collision-free path planning for an autonomous platform

In this paper, a heuristic and learning, algorithmic scheme for collision-free navigation is presented. This scheme determines an optimum collision-free navigation path of an autonomous platform by using a trial and error process, past navigation knowledge and current information extracted from the generated surrounding environment.     

无人机空中加油控制设计与仿真

无人机空中加油控制精度问题,无人受油机模型的各种不确定性与来自外部的各种干扰归结为扰动,造成控制精度差。为解决上述问题,提出一种免疫粒子群优化算法的自抗扰无人机自主空中加油飞行控制律设计方法。利用自抗扰控制能够自动检测并补偿内部与外部干扰影响的特点,并利用扩张状态观测器进行估计与补偿,从而增强了所设计飞行控制律的鲁棒性,用免疫粒子群优化算法对自抗扰控制器参数进行了优化研究,以提高设计效率。仿真结果表明,所设计的自抗扰自主空中加油控制系统具有优良的控制性能与较高的控制精度,能够满足无人机自主空中加油的要求。     

基于层次认知模型的大学计算机课程多元混合教学模式设计与实施

根据计算思维理论中从知识到能力转变的递进过程,构建了基于层次认知模型的多元混合式教学课程体系和教学模式,并以大学计算机课程为例,以学生自主学习和协作学习为教学出发点,开发、整合出优质教学资源,设计了多样化教学活动,以培养学生综合应用计算机的软硬件知识解决本专业的实际问题为目的,最终应用到“SPOC+翻转课堂”混合教学中,达到教学目标。     

泛在学习理念下英语专业学生听力自主学习能力的培养

受益于现代教育技术的飞速进步,专业英语教学对泛在学习的重视程度日益高涨。泛在学习有不受时间、空间限制的优点,相对应的,也存在学生不集中学习而带来的散漫和懈怠的问题。因此,如何在发挥泛在学习长处的同时,激发学生的学习动机、强化学生学习的组织和管理是摆在我们面前的重要课题。所以,我们必须高度重视教学资源的开发、教学内容的定制和推送、学习社区的创建以及评价体系的完善。