针对通过噪声的空滤器声学特性研究与改进

通过实验方法分析研究了一种中型乘用车通过噪声的特性,比较该车进、排气两侧通过噪声的声级和频谱特性,确定了进气噪声对车辆进气侧通过噪声的重要影响.为了解决该车进气噪声的问题从而达到整车降噪的目的,应用实验与边界元法计算两种手段,对该车空滤器的频率响应特性进行了研究.研究发现空滤器声系统的第一阶声固有频率与进气噪声基频相耦合是造成该车辆进气侧通过噪声高于排气侧的重要原因.基于这一研究结果,在计算和实验的基础上利用Helmholtz共振腔对空滤器的声学特性进行了改进,改进后的空滤器对降低车辆进气侧通过噪声有很好的作用.     

电能变换领域中随机脉宽调制技术研究概况及展望

相较于传统的脉宽调制技术,随机脉宽调制具备有效的谐波频谱分散能力,从而实现机电负载噪声的削弱。随机脉宽调制技术包括起步的随机开关调制、后续的随机脉冲位置与随机开关频率等3个基本方法。随着电力电子技术的整体发展,随机脉宽调制已从传统的载波调制逐渐拓展到空间矢量调制之中,应用范围日趋广泛,谐波频谱分散与功率谱峰值抑制的效果不断提升。同时,新的优化方案不断被提出,对谐波频谱及功率谱的分散效果亦在不断提高。梳理了随机脉宽调制的研究历程,总结了数种典型的随机脉宽调制的基本原理,并对未来随机脉宽调制的研究方向作出展望,为随机脉宽调制技术的深入研究提供参考。     

基于改进LMD和能量相对熵的主动配电网故障定位方法

针对配电网发生单相接地故障且分布式电源（distributed generations, DGs）大量接入后,配电网结构和运行方式复杂多变、故障后电气量不明显、故障特征弱等特点,提出一种基于改进局部均值分解（improved local mean decomposition, ILMD）和能量相对熵的主动配电网故障定位方法。首先,利用镜像延拓将信号在两端延拓,消除LMD存在的端点效应,同时,在信号中加入自适应噪声,克服LMD存在的模态混叠问题,对各区段暂态零序电流进行ILMD分解;然后对分解后所有乘积函数（product function, PF）的能量相对熵进行计算,所有PF分量的相对能量熵之和即为区段间的相对能量熵,通过所设置的定位判据,对故障区段进行判断。仿真结果表明,所提算法在10 kV小电流接地系统和改进的IEEE33节点系统中,在不同的仿真条件下故障定位结果准确率高,验证了所提方法的准确性。     

Studying the formation process of chromate conversion coatings on aluminium using continuous electrochemical noise resistance measurements

A unique electrochemical technique, namely continuous noise resistance calculation (CNRC), was used to obtain electrochemical kinetic information from the formation process of chromate conversion coatings (CCC) on aluminium electrodes. It was found that the noise resistance (R_n) of aluminium electrodes remained almost unchanged during electrodes' immersion in a chromate containing acidic solution where the CCC films were supposed to form rapidly. This result indicates that the formation of CCC was associated with continuous corrosion of the aluminium electrodes and that the CCC films formed on aluminium surface were not intact barrier films, but most likely porous layers. The CCCs became protective only after they were aged in the environment. Based on these findings, the formation and inhibition mechanisms of CCC have been discussed.     

基于群延时信息的超声信号处理方法

充分利用超声信号的群延时信息，结合短时傅里叶变换，给出了群延时对频率导数在时一频域中的分布，以此来反映时一频域中局部信噪比的强弱。在此基础上，进一步利用超声信号的群延时信息，极大地增强了缺陷信号。     

Characterization of angular dependence of macroscopic magnetic properties in ASTM 36 steel using magnetic Barkhausen noise

Angular-dependent magnetic Barkhausen noise measurements were performed on ASTM 36 steel samples for various values of applied uniaxial stress. The maximum differential permeability and the coercive field are obtained from this Barkhausen signals. The angular dependence of these macroscopic magnetic properties is studied. The tension for which the magneto-elastic energy balances the anisotropic energy is estimated. The results are discussed based on the domain wall theory.     

Evaluation of tempering induced changes in the hardness profile of case-carburised EN36 steel using magnetic Barkhausen noise analysis

The effect of tempering on the magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) signal profile was studied in case-carburised EN36 steel using a range of magnetic excitation frequencies and a number of frequency ranges for analysis of the MBN signal. The MBN level generally increases with tempering due to coarsening of the microstructure. With higher values of excitation frequency, f_EX, the MBN profile exhibits a single peak, but with low values of f_EX, double peaks are observed. The MBN peak obtained with higher f_EX was found to correlate well with hardness changes in a region, down to 100 μm below the surface. The analysis of the MBN signal produced with low f_EX, in narrow frequency ranges selected by software frequency filtering, showed variations in the extent of changes in the relative height of the two MBN peaks in the profile. After taking into account the skin depth-frequency relation for the MBN signal, variations in the values of the two MBN peaks in different analysing frequency ranges were found to correlate well with hardness variations at different depths down to 425 μm below the surface. An empirical relationship has been established between the hardness-depth profile and the MBN measurements.     

A continuous-time framework for least squares parameter estimation

This paper proposes a continuous-time framework for the least-squares parameter estimation method through evolution equations. Nonlinear systems in the standard state space representation that are linear in the unknown, constant parameters are investigated. Two estimators are studied. The first one consists of a linear evolution equation while the second one consists of an impulsive linear evolution equation. The paper discusses some theoretical aspects related to the proposed estimators: uniqueness of a solution and an attractive equilibrium point which solves for the unknown parameters. A deterministic framework for the estimation under noisy measurements is proposed using a Sobolev space with negative index to model the noise. The noise can be of large magnitude. Concrete signals issued from an electronic device are used to discuss numerical aspects.     

带观测滞后和不确定噪声方差的多智能体传感网络鲁棒序贯协方差交叉融合Kalman滤波

针对带观测滞后和不确定噪声方差的分簇多智能体传感网络系统,研究鲁棒序贯协方差交叉融合Kalman滤波器的设计问题.应用最邻近法则,传感网络被分成簇.应用极大极小鲁棒估计原理,基于带噪声方差最差保守上界的最差保守传感网络系统,提出了两级序贯协方差交叉(SCI)融合鲁棒稳态Kalman滤波器,可减小通信和计算负担并节省能量,且保证实际滤波误差方差有一个最小保守上界.一种Lyapunov方程方法被提出用于证明局部和融合滤波器的鲁棒性.提出了鲁棒精度的概念且证明了局部和融合鲁棒Kalman滤波器的鲁棒精度关系.证明全局SCI融合器的鲁棒精度高于每簇SCI融合器的精度且两者的鲁棒精度都高于每个局部鲁棒滤波器的精度.一个跟踪系统的仿真例子证明了鲁棒性和鲁棒精度关系.     

一种改进的超宽条带噪声消除算法

针对高光谱遥感图像中的超宽条带噪声干扰现象,在深入研究高光谱图像特点和条带噪声产生机理的基础上,提出了一种新的基于最小序列值、小波变换和矩匹配相结合的滤波算法（OWM算法）。该算法主要包括灰度对比度处理、最小序列值处理、小波变换系数归零处理和矩匹配处理等四个步骤。用实际的高光谱图像进行了一系列的验证比较实验,获得了好的实验效果。实验结果表明OWM算法不仅能够有效滤除高光谱图像中的超宽条带噪声,而且还具有较好的普适性。