An improved method for magnetic identification and localization of cracks in conductors

A SQUID magnetometer can be used to measure the magnetic field produced by flaws in a two-dimensional, conducting plate carrying a current. Identification of the flaw-induced magnetic field is difficult because of the large magnetic field associated with the edges of the plate and the current in the leads that connect the plate to the power supply. We have developed a technique by which the wire and edge fields can be cancelled prior to mapping the magnetic field. In this technique, a similar unflawed conducting sheet is placed adjacent to the flawed plate, with a connection between the sheet and the plate at one edge, and with the opposite edges of the sheet and of the plate connected to the two conductors of a coaxial cable. Thus, an applied current will flow along one conductor of the cable, across the cancelling sheet, cross into the flawed plate, return along the plate, and then return to the power supply along the other conductor of the coaxial cable. As a result of this geometry, there is no magnetic field from the lead-in wires because they are coaxial, and the magnetic field due to the edges of the plate is cancelled by the opposing magnetic field of the edges in the adjacent sheet. The extent of cancellation is determined primarily by the separation between the plate and the cancelling sheet, by the thickness of the plate, and by macroscopic inhomogeneities in their electrical conductivities.     

Power Dissipation in Spintronic Devices Out of Thermodynamic Equilibrium

Quantum limits of power dissipation in spintronic computing are estimated. A computing element composed of a single electron in a quantum dot is considered. Dynamics of its spin due to external magnetic field and interaction with adjacent dots are described via the Bloch equations. Spin relaxation due to magnetic noise from various sources is described as coupling to a reservoir. Resulting dissipation of energy is calculated and is shown to be much less than the thermal limit, ∼kT per bit, if the rate of spin relaxation is much slower than the switching rate. Clues on how to engineer an energy efficient spintronic device are provided.     

利用独立分量分析法去除地震噪声

 独立分量分析（ICA）作为盲源分离（BSS）的一种新方法,是分解观测数据中独立信息的有力工具。以往的ICA算法一般假设噪声可以忽略不计，而实际的观测数据中又常常包含一些加性噪声。对于加性噪声的影响不能忽略的情况下，改进的ICA算法首先利用非零时间滞后协方差，应用两步特征值分解法(EVD)可成功地去除部分加性噪声的影响；再利用ICA算法就能更好地分离出原信号。本文通过对地震理论模型和实际资料的试验，说明改进的ICA算法能够有效地克服加性噪声对常规ICA算法的影响，能够分离出地震资料中的有效信号，从而实现利用独立分量分析压制地震资料噪声的目的。     

降低射频电路串扰噪声的布线方法

研究并解决了无障碍多层无网格射频电路的布线问题,主要包括三个部分:设计规则、串扰噪声限制和布线方法.首先通过设计规则计算连线参数,运用RLc模型估算串扰噪声,然后,按照需要连接的实节点个数进行归类并提出相应的布线算法.实验结果表明,该布线方法可有效地降低射频电路的串扰噪声.     

耀江大厦顶层屋面热泵的振动治理

本文通过耀江大厦27层屋面上六台热泵振动治理前后的振动和噪声测试数据的对比，简要阐述了安装在屋面上热泵的振动影响的程度和范围、产生振动影响和固体噪声传递的原因，并介绍了热泵双层隔振的方法和隔振效果。     

鸡东县广播电视HFC城网改造设计方案

根据有线电视的数字化、光纤化发展趋势，现在的有线电视网络必须经过改造，以便为今后数字电视的传输和双向传输打下基础，进一步拓展有线电视的功能，为此提供一个城网改造的方案供参考。     

红外多元探测器的噪声仿真研究

分析了红外多元探测器的噪声来源，建立各种噪声的公式。并以“L”型探测器为例分析其噪声的信号形式有三种：白噪声、正弦噪声、分形噪声。采用MATLAB语言对分析结果进行了仿真。     

Effects of surrounding brightness on visual search for safety colors

The present article reports the investigation of the effects of surrounding brightness on a visual search for three safety colors: red, orange, and yellow. Images of visual stimuli consisting of an array of colored circles placed on a large visual field (a visual angle of 40°) were displayed on an 80‐in. screen with a DLP projector. Experiment I examined the search efficiency under three levels of background luminance that were equivalent to the three target luminances. The results showed that the search efficiency for the orange target decreased as the number of distractors increased, under each of the background luminance levels, whereas the efficiency scarcely decreased for the red and yellow targets. Although a reduction in background luminance increased the search efficiency for the orange target, it is suggested that the effect of background luminance is smaller than the effect of the target color in search efficiency. Experiment II examined the search efficiency under three conditions of low levels of incident illuminance, which were matched with a linear regression to the luminance of color chips of safety colors measured twilight conditions. The results showed that the search efficiency for the orange target decreased as the number of distractors increased under each of the different illuminance conditions, whereas the efficiency scarcely decreased for red and yellow targets. Furthermore, as illuminance decreased, the search time for the orange target was more greatly impacted than for red or yellow. These results imply that the recognition of orange tends to be influenced by the surrounding brightness. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 400–409, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20152     

自振空化射流提高钻井速度的实验研究

空化射流用于提高钻井速度的可行性研究结果表明，在钻进作业中，利用空泡破裂产生强大破坏作用来提高钻探的效率，其效果显著，可行性高。室内实验表明，自振空化射流在比普通喷嘴射流更深的井底或更高的围压条件下，有更大的起始空化数和更强的空化能力。自振空化喷嘴起始空化数大都在1.0以上，最高达到1.67，而锥形喷嘴最高仅为0.43，围压下其冲蚀效率是锥形喷嘴的1~2倍。现场试验同样证实设计的自振空化射流喷嘴在保护钻头、减少钻头磨损及增加进尺、提高机械钻速方面有显著作用。     

Analysis and Optimization of Noise in Bipolar RF Harmonic Mixers

A noise analysis of bipolar harmonic mixers (BHM) used for direct-conversion receivers is presented in this paper. Analytical and simulated results for the transfer function of the mixer are presented. Simple analytical expressions describing noise contribution from all sources are derived. Estimation of flicker noise quite agrees with harmonic-balance simulation results. Based on the derived expressions, total time average noise power spectral density (PSD) at the output is compared with simulation results. For the recommended regions of operation, error is less than 20%. The overall BHM noise figure (NF) is calculated and optimized based on a simple extracted formula. Errors introduced by analysis remain within a 1.5-dB margin with respect to simulation results. The validity of analysis for high frequencies is justified. The effect of flicker noise coefficient on the overall mixer NF is compared for different available processes.