Closed-loop identification using direct approach and high order ARX/GOBF-ARX models

Model accuracy plays a key role in the performance of advanced, model predictive control algorithms. Model fidelity is usually affected by routine operating condition changes, which necessitate reidentification. From several theoretical and practical considerations, it is recommended that such re-identification be performed under closed-loop conditions. The direct approach for closed-loop identification, owing to its simplicity, is better suited for MPC. In order to yield unbiased and consistent parameter estimates, however, this approach requires the noise model to be sufficiently parameterized. Towards this objective, high order ARX models are the most suitable candidates from the viewpoint of ease of parameter estimation. For multivariable systems, however, the identification of high order ARX models would require longer experiments to be performed. This being undesirable from a practical viewpoint, there is a need for a parsimonious parameterization that would retain the benefits of high order ARX models. In this work, we propose to use generalized orthonormal basis filters (GOBFs) to achieve this parsimonous parameterization. Further, we propose an approach to obtain reduced order models by emphasizing important frequencies so as to suitably shape the bias. We also show that the choice of the GOBF parameterization has another important merit, viz. their ability to perform well even with minimal perturbation data or short experiment times. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated via simulations on the benchmark Shell Control Problem and a laboratory quadruple tank setup.     

面向控制的分数阶微分模型的快速数值计算

求解分数阶控制系统的关键在于如何快速精确地计算分数阶微分.针对短记忆法和变步长记忆法的计算精度和计算复杂性顾此失彼的矛盾,本文提出了一种恒权重记忆法,它不舍弃历史数据,而是采用常值权重后全部记忆.在每个后继的采样周期,只需把新的数据简单叠加到历史数据上来考虑,从而极大地提高了计算精度和降低了计算复杂性,且有效地化解了两...     

Kalman filtering over a packet-delaying network: A probabilistic approach

In this paper, we consider Kalman filtering over a packet-delaying network. Given the probability distribution of the delay, we can characterize the filter performance via a probabilistic approach. We assume that the estimator maintains a buffer of length D so that at each time k, the estimator is able to retrieve all available data packets up to time k−D+1. Both the cases of sensor with and without necessary computation capability for filter updates are considered. When the sensor has no computation capability, for a given D, we give lower and upper bounds on the probability for which the estimation error covariance is within a prescribed bound. When the sensor has computation capability, we show that the previously derived lower and upper bounds are equal to each other. An approach for determining the minimum buffer length for a required performance in probability is given and an evaluation on the number of expected filter updates is provided. Examples are provided to demonstrate the theory developed in the paper.     

基于小波滤波背景预测的红外弱小目标检测方法

红外弱小目标检测是红外图像研究领域的热点与难点。有效地从背景中检测出弱小目标对于后续的跟踪、识别工作具有十分重要的意义。针对现有检测方法的不足,提出了一种基于小波滤波背景预测的红外弱小目标检测方法。该方法利用小波滤波去噪的优良特性将目标作为噪声滤除,然后构建近似的前景分布图与背景分布图,最后基于连通体筛选与对比度门限完成弱小目标的提取。采用实测光电图像对该方法进行了验证,结果表明,提出的方法能够有效抑制噪声,完成背景预测以及红外弱小目标的检测。     

Digital filters for clustered-OFDM-based PLC systems: Design and implementation

This work aims to investigate the design and implementation of digital filters for separating clusters in a clustered-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing scheme for power line communication systems. In this regard, we formulate the mathematical problem and present a criterion which is capable of searching for digital filters that maximizes data rate. In the following, several finite impulse response and infinite impulse response digital filters are analyzed in order to validate the proposed criterion and to verify the best one which fulfills the given constraints. Furthermore, regarding only the best digital filters obtained, a finite precision and complexity analyses are carried out by using a field-programmable gate array device. Based on numerical results, we show that finite impulse response equiripple minimum phase and infinite impulse response Chebyshev type II digital filters yield the best data rates among the chosen digital filters. Moreover, we point out that equiripple minimum phase digital filters consume more hardware resources than Chebyshev type II digital filters, although the first one deal better with the field-programmable gate array constraints when more bits are used to implement the digital filter. Due to that, finite impulse response digital filters are more indicated to be implemented in a field-programmable gate array device.     

多通道Wiener 滤波器设计新方法

应用现代时间序列分析方法,提出了多通道Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ滤波器设计的一种新的时域方法,它可统一处理滤波、平滑和预报问题,且可处理非平稳信号和噪声,仿真例子说明了该方法的有效性。     

不同方式获得的速度对悬浮系统的影响分析

在悬浮控制系统设计中,通常用到悬浮间隙的变化速度,如何获取这一信号是一个非常重要的问题。以单电磁铁为对象,根据悬浮系统的模型,提出了一种通过互补滤波器获得速度的方法;详细分析了不同的速度获取方式在考虑轨道随机扰动和列车运行于竖曲线段以及考虑轨道弹性等几种情况下对系统的影响。仿真结果表明,该方法能很好地实现常规方法的性能折衷,为克服轨道扰动和解决车轨共振问题提供了新的思路。     

Modeling and Managing Interactions among Business Processes

Most workflow management systems (WfMSs) only support the separate andindependent execution of business processes. However, processes often needto interact with each other, in order to synchronize the execution of theiractivities, to exchange process data, to request execution of services, orto notify progresses in process execution. Recent market trends also raisethe need for cooperation and interaction between processes executed in differentorganizations, posing additional challenges. In fact, in order to reduce costsand provide better services, companies are pushed to increase cooperation and toform virtual enterprises, where business processes span across organizationalboundaries and are composed of cooperating workflows executed in differentorganizations. Workflow interaction in a cross-organizational environment iscomplicated by the heterogeneity of workflow management platforms on top ofwhich workflows are defined and executed and by the different and possiblycompeting business policies and business goals that drive process executionin each organization.In this paper we propose a model and system that enable interactionbetween workflows executed in the same or in different organizations. Weextend traditional workflow models by allowing workflows to publish andsubscribe to events, and by enabling the definition of points in the processexecution where events should be sent or received. Event notifications aremanaged by a suitable event service that is capable of filtering andcorrelating events, and of dispatching them to the appropriate targetworkflow instances. The extended model can be easily mapped onto anyworkflow model, since event specific constructs can be specified by means ofordinary workflow activities, for which we provide the implementation. Inaddition, the event service is easily portable to different platforms, anddoes not require integration with the WfMS that supports the cooperatingworkflows. Therefore, the proposed approach is applicable in virtually anyenvironment and is independent on the specific platform adopted     

Algorithmic and architectural design for real-time and power-efficient Retinex image/video processing

This paper presents novel algorithmic and architectural solutions for real-time and power-efficient enhancement of images and video sequences. A programmable class of Retinex-like filters, based on the separation of the illumination and reflectance components, is proposed. The dynamic range of the input image is controlled by applying a suitable non-linear function to the illumination, while the details are enhanced by processing the reflectance. An innovative spatially recursive rational filter is used to estimate the illumination. Moreover, to improve the visual quality results of two-branch Retinex operators when applied to videos, a novel three-branch technique is proposed which exploits both spatial and temporal filtering. Real-time implementation is obtained by designing an Application Specific Instruction-set Processor (ASIP). Optimizations are addressed at algorithmic and architectural levels. The former involves arithmetic accuracy definition and linearization of non-linear operators; the latter includes customized instruction set, dedicated memory structure, adapted pipeline, bypasses, custom address generator, and special looping structures. The ASIP is synthesized in standard-cells CMOS technology and its performances are compared to known Digital signal processor (DSP) implementations of real-time Retinex filters. As a result of the comparison, the proposed algorithmic/architectural design outperforms state-of-art Retinex-like operators achieving the best trade-off between power consumption, flexibility, and visual quality.

化妆品防晒剂的研究进展及其安全性问题(续前)

一类重要的且光稳定的UVA紫外线吸收剂是苯三唑邻位羟基取代的化合物。这类紫外线吸收剂主要吸收长波段的紫外线UVA,但其吸收效率或称摩尔消光系数要比二苯甲酰甲烷类化合物如Avobenzone低。由于这类苯三唑化合物中形成的氮-氢(N-H)