一种新的FCP微机测试系统的功能,原理及应用

本文介绍了作者所研制的微机辅助直流电位法疲劳裂纹扩展速率测试系统的功能及原理,给出了系统的硬件及软件结构框图。作者首次采用了变密度数据存储,曲线压缩换屏监测及坐标变换旋转放大卷积割线求导等方法。文末简述了本系统用于疲劳短裂纹测试的结果与分析。     

产生高能光子的理论计算

本文给出在激光与电子束非对头正撞下产生高能光子的能量公式,并对实施时可能产生的几个问题进行了初步讨论.     

断口—倾斜面的扫描电镜观察

本文提出了采用断口—倾斜面金相试样在扫描电镜中直接观察断口形态、裂纹扩展以及显微组织之间相互关系的实验方法;介绍了这种断口—倾斜面金相试样的制作过程,以及运用这一实验技术研究钢中细小析出相与微裂纹作用的典型实例。     

撞击力—压入位移关系的弹性分析

本文用弹性动力学的一般方法对撞击力-压入位移关系问题进行了分析。在仅考虑纵波传播的情况下,寻出了撞击力-压入位移关系。并由此进一步证明了Hertz公式在动态问题应用的合理性。     

Hertzian crack propagation in graded glass/ceramic composites

In literature, the concept of material gradation is shown to inhibit surface crack initiation in glass/ceramic composites subjected to Hertzian indentation. However, surface cracks could yet initiate due to relatively higher loadings or in the presence of surface flaws/defects. Hence, characterization of graded composites concerning the resistance against Hertzian crack initiation and propagation manifests itself as a prominent matter. In this study, axisymmetric Hertzian cracks evolving in graded glass/ceramic composites propelled by a rigid cylindrical punch are investigated employing a novel recursive method, called the stacked-node propagation procedure. Crack trajectories and their propagation susceptibilities are predicted via the minimum strain energy density (MSED) criterion regarding the crack growth resistance (R-curve) of ceramics. The stress trajectory approach is also considered for a homogeneous glass to reveal the reliance and effectiveness of the MSED criterion in the present crack problems. The Mori–Tanaka relations are adopted to model the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio variations through the composites, which are implemented on the simulations via the homogeneous finite element approach. Hertzian crack problem of a practically producible graded composite comprised of oxynitride glass and a fine-grained silicon nitride ceramics (Si₃N₄) is treated as a case study. The degree of material gradation is assessed for the mitigation of surface crack initiation and propagation risks.     

Effect of doped niobium pentoxide on structure and properties of hafnium oxide films deposited by ion beam assisted deposition

Hafnium oxide is widely used in optical coating materials because of its high refractive index, broad band gap, high laser damage threshold and its high transparency in the wavelength range from ultraviolet to middle infrared (0.20–12 μm). However, hafnium oxide has some defects such as strong crystallinity and poor surface quality, which results in enhanced absorption and reflection of light wave and limits its application in optical field. As a pentoxide with high transparency and excellent optical properties in the wavelength range from ultraviolet to mid-infrared(0.35–9 μm), the doping of niobium pentoxide can effectively improve the surface quality and optical properties of the films. Mixed films with different chemical compositions were prepared by ion beam assisted deposition, and the microstructure, crystallinity, surface quality, optical properties and mechanical properties of the mixed films with different chemical compositions were investigated. The doping of niobium pentoxide inhibits the crystallization of hafnium oxide, optimizes the surface quality of the films, and improves the refractive index and mechanical properties of mixed films, effectively broadens the application of hafnium oxide in the field of optical films.     

The porosity dependence of sound velocities in ceramic materials

The porosity dependence of transverse and longitudinal sound wave velocities is studied in statistically isotropic porous ceramics. Based on the model relations for elastic moduli six model relations are constructed for the prediction of the porosity dependence of these velocities. All of them predict a decrease of sound wave velocities with increasing porosity, but the Maxwell / Mori-Tanaka / MMT model leads to unrealistic predictions for high porosity. A velocity ratio function is defined which contains the porosity dependence of the effective Poisson ratio and enables the prediction of longitudinal wave velocities. A comparison with literature data shows that most data lie below the exponential prediction and above the numerical prediction for concave pores. The correlation of the normalized longitudinal wave velocities and relative transverse wave velocities shows that essentially all values are above the highest lower bound and are reasonably predicted by the differential, exponential and self-consistent models.     

Damage and failure mechanism of sapphire under ballistic loading based on a modified bond-based peridynamic model

To investigate the dynamic mechanical behaviors of c-plane and a-plane sapphire, a novel anisotropic constitutive model and fracture criterion are constructed on the basis of bond-based peridynamics (BB-PD) theory. And the concept of strain is introduced in the framework of BB-PD. After that, the simulations of a- and c-planes of sapphire under spherical and cylindrical impact are conducted. In addition to capturing the distribution of strain and damage, the histories of various fracture types such as the primary fracture front and cracks are monitored for quantitative analysis. The numerical predictions are shown to agree well with previous experimental results, and further reveal the damage and failure mechanisms of sapphire. The different forms of contact between the projectile and the target strongly influence the stress waves generated and energy transferred ultimately affecting the damage development process. The crystal orientation dominates the appearance of anisotropic crack modes. Crack bending and deflection, as well as spalling-like fracture, are associated with wave reflection and intersection. Moreover, an in-depth examination of the observed wave splitting phenomenon is performed.     

自由基聚合反应动力学常数测定技术

自由基聚合是一类重要的聚合反应,其反应动力学常数的获取对于聚合机理研究、聚合物链结构定制、反应过程调控都有着重要的意义。综述了自由基聚合中最重要的链增长和链终止反应速率常数的测定方法,着重介绍连续脉冲激光引发结合凝胶渗透色谱测定链增长反应速率常数、单脉冲-连续脉冲激光耦合结合近红外光谱与电子顺磁共振波谱测定链终止反应速率常数,涵盖了各方法的检测原理、要求和适用条件,讨论了增长自由基链长对链增长和链终止反应速率常数的影响。此外,对链增长和链终止反应速率常数检测方法的提升和新方法的开发进行了展望。     

纤维增强复合材料/混凝土组合梁界面连接与性能研究进展

从理论、试验及现场应用的角度对5种复合材料/混凝土组合梁界面连接方式进行分析比较,探讨了其受力特征、计算模型和工程应用,阐述了各种连接方式改进和多种连接方式结合使用的方法,以提高复合材料/混凝土组合梁界面连接性能,优化复合材料/混凝土组合梁结构构造。