Creation of Superhydrophobic Electrospun Nonwovens Fabricated from Naturally Occurring Poly(Amino Acid) Derivatives

Creation of superhydrophobic materials bio‐inspired by nature fascinates many scientists. One of the most intriguing challenges in this field is the fabrication of these materials using biopolymers from the viewpoint of green chemistry and environmental chemistry. Here, superhydrophobic and biodegradable nonwovens are constructed by electrospinning from a naturally occurring poly(amino acid), poly(γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA), modified with a hydrophobic α‐amino acid, l ‐phenylalanine. The contact angle of a water droplet on the materials is 154°, and the droplet remains stuck to the material surface even if it is inverted, clearly indicating a petal‐type superhydrophobic property. Biodegradability and post‐functionalization of the nonwovens as well as cell adhesion on the superhydrophobic materials are also evaluated. As far as we know, this is the first report on biodegradable materials exhibiting a petal‐type superhydrophobicity. The material design and processing shown here can be applied to various bioresources and such functional materials will become a new class of functional materials satisfying some of the requirements in green science.     

p型ZnO薄膜制备的研究进展

ZnO是一种性能优异的"低温蓝光工程"宽带隙Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体材料,但因本征施主缺陷和施主杂质引起的自补偿效应等使ZnO很难有效地实现n型向p型导电的转变。为此,阐述了ZnO薄膜的p型掺杂机理,介绍了国内外研究者在抑制自补偿、提高受主掺杂元素固溶度及寻求合适的受主掺杂元素等方面p型ZnO薄膜的最新研究进展。研究表明:增加ZnO材料中N原子固溶度的各种办法如施主-受主共掺杂、超声雾化气相淀积及本征ZnO薄膜在NH3气氛下后退火等和选择IB族中的Ag为受主掺杂元素是实现ZnO薄膜p型导电的有效措施。期望通过本综述能为国内ZnO基器件应用的p型ZnO薄膜的制备提供新思路。     

压电式空气补气阀技术研究及应用

介绍了一种基于压电双晶片的空气补气阀(ACV)。该压电阀安装于摩托车化油器怠速补气通道,通过现场传感器信号的采集,根据控制策略,利用压电阀的流量特性,实施脉冲宽度调制(PWM)驱动控制,达到国Ⅲ排放要求。该文通过对逆向压电效应、压电方程的理论分析,依据实际的双晶片尺寸,得出空气补气阀的实际位移和力矩,并通过实际的测试,发现在100V、15Hz的PWM控制波形驱动下,该压电补气阀呈现出了良好的稳定性和一致性,满足了电控化油器中对怠速智能补气的需求。     

甲烷干重整及金属-载体相互作用

CO₂和CH₄均是温室气体的重要成员并且数量可观,其资源化利用对于应对气候变化和能源危机具有重要意义。甲烷干重整是经典转化方式之一,将CO₂"供氧"还原反应和CH₄"需氧"氧化反应结合起来并相互转化,其产物合成气(H₂和CO)可用于费-托合成碳氢化合物液态燃料。近年来,干重整已经成为能源环境领域热点之一,在重整新工艺和催化剂设计策略方面取得了重要进展,推动了高活性和高稳定性催化剂和新工艺研发。详细综述了甲烷干重整工艺和催化剂的研究成果,重点介绍了干重整工艺新发展和催化剂功能设计,结合Ni-载体相互作用、双金属协同效应、界面效应、单原子催化等新策略对干重整工艺中的基础科学问题进行了探讨,并对干重整技术现有难点和未来发展方向进行了展望。     

高温低氧燃烧技术在唐钢高线厂的应用

为了使应用高温低氧燃烧技术的加热炉达到高效节能、低污染物特别是低NO_x排放的目的,采用计算机数值模拟优化设计了加热炉的蓄热式燃烧系统,并运用冶金反应工程学方法开发了成套技术.该技术在唐钢高速线材厂的实际应用表明:在热装钢坯条件下单位能耗为0.879 GJ/t,炉子热效率在67%以上,各蓄热室的排烟温度在160℃以下,NO_x排放小于40×10^-6(体积分数).     

燃煤机组的供热改造项目实例分析

目的 为了提高燃煤机组的运行效率和经济效益,以珠海发电厂的供热改造项目为对象进行实例分析,探索煤电机组经营困境的破局之路。 方法 通过剖析珠海发电厂供热改造项目,从可行性、控制策略、改造效果等几个方面综合探讨。 结果 分析结果表明,供热改造后机组煤耗明显降低,同时供热量的增加提高热电比,可争取更多的计划电量,增加发电基数。 结论 供热改造对于条件合适的燃煤机组是一个值得参考的优化途径,具有非常重要的指导意义和经济价值。     

一种粘滞阻尼体系阻尼矩阵识别新方法

由不同材料组成的混合结构,其阻尼矩阵不再满足与质量矩阵、刚度矩阵的比例关系,具有非比例特性。我国设计规范中常用的振型分解反应谱法是基于比例阻尼建立的,并不严格适用于计算非比例阻尼体系的地震作用效应。该文在基于等效黏性阻尼模型的复模态叠加法基础上,结合虚拟激励法和平稳随机理论,推导了基于等效黏性阻尼模型的反应谱CCQC(Complex Complete Quadratic Combination)法实数表达式,建立了一种解决非比例阻尼混合结构的地震作用效应计算问题的理论方法。算例分析表明：与基于分块Rayleigh阻尼模型的反应谱CCQC法相比,该文建立的基于等效黏性阻尼模型的反应谱CCQC法直接依赖于结构的质量、刚度和阻尼参数,不受振型组合的影响,具有计算结果唯一的优点,且仅涉及位移相关系数的计算;与基于能量法的反应谱CQC法相比,基于等效黏性阻尼模型的反应谱CCQC法可有效考虑结构的非比例特性,适用于非比例特性较强的混合结构。     

Dose rate effects on shape memory epoxy resin during 1 Me V electron irradiation in air

The effects of 1 Me V electron irradiation in air at a fixed accumulated dose and dose rates of 393.8,196.9,78.8,and 39.4 Gy s^-1on a shape memory epoxy(SMEP)resin were studied.Under low-dose-rate irradiation,accelerated degradation of the shape memory performance was observed;specifically,the shape recovery ratio decreased exponentially with increasing irradiation time(that is,with decreasing dose rate).In addition,the glass transition temperature of the SMEP,as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis,decreased overall with decreasing dose rate.The dose rate effects of 1 Me V electron irradiation on the SMEP were confirmed by structural analysis using electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.The EPR spectra showed that the concentration of free radicals increased exponentially with increasing irradiation time.Moreover,the FTIR spectra showed higher intensities of the peaks at 1660 and 1720 cm^-1,which are attributed to stretching vibrations of amide C=O and ketone/acid C=O,at lower dose rates.The intensities of the IR peaks at 1660 and 1720 cm^-1 increased exponentially with increasing irradiation time,and the relative intensity of the IR peak at 2926 cm^-1decreased exponentially with increasing irradiation time.The solid-state13 C nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectra of the SMEP before and after 1 Me V electron irradiation at a dose of 1970 k Gy and a dose rate of 78.8 Gy s^-1 indicated damage to the CH₂–N groups and aliphatic isopropanol segment.This result is consistent with the detection of nitrogenous free radicals,a phenoxy-type free radical,and several types of pyrolytic carbon radicals by EPR.During the subsequent propagation process,the free radicals produced at lower dose rates were more likely to react with oxygen,which was present at higher concentrations,and form the more destructive peroxy free radicals and oxidation products such as acids,amides,and ketones.The increase in peroxy free radicals at lower dose rates was thought to accelerate the degradation of the macroscopic performance of the SMEP.     

基于“雁阵效应” 的扑翼飞行机器人高效集群编队研究

本文借鉴“雁阵效应”, 研究了扑翼飞行机器人高效集群编队飞行问题. 通过对“V”字雁阵的分析得知, 当前排大雁(简称头雁)和后排大雁(简称从雁)保持某一合适的相对位置偏移时, 后排大雁可有效利用前排大雁挥翅产生的上洗涡流, 从而节省体能; 并且, 雁阵通过阵型的变换, 可以实现能量整体消耗的均衡性, 确保长航时飞行. 仿照该“雁阵效应”, 分析得出耗能最少的扑翼飞行机器人集群阵型排布方式, 并设计了阵型变换机制, 实现集群能量整体消耗的最优性和均衡性. 在此基础上, 参考雁群的交互方式, 设计了一种使用局部信息的控制方法, 保证最优阵型的稳定维持以及阵型间的灵活变换. 最后, 仿真结果验证了所提理论结果的有效性.     

视觉问答研究综述

视觉问答是计算机视觉领域和自然语言处理领域的交叉方向,近年来受到了广泛关注.在视觉问答任务中,算法需要回答基于特定图片(或视频)的问题.自2014年第一个视觉问答数据集发布以来,若干大规模数据集在近5年内被陆续发布,并有大量算法在此基础上被提出.已有的综述性研究重点针对视觉问答任务的发展进行了总结,但近年来,有研究发现...