Spectral resource defragmentation based on PCE in flexible bandwidth optical networks

The granularity of the flexible bandwidth optical network is the spectral slots,which is much smaller than that of the wavelength switch optical network.For the dynamic clients’ connections setup and tear down processes,it will give rise to fragmentation of spectral resources.It is the decline in the probability of finding sufficient contiguous spectrum for new connections that result in the fragmentation of spectral resource.To be more specific,these spectra may be unavailable and waste.In this case,the severe waste of the spectrum will lead to low efficiency in spectral utilization and will not adapt to large capacity requirements of transmission in the future.Because path computation element(PCE) framework has the characteristics of the central disposal and deployment of the spectrum resource,we construct the spectral resource allocation scenario based on PCE framework in the flexible bandwidth optical network to use spectrum resource effectively.Based on the principle of the generation of the fragmentation,we put forward a spectrum resource defragmentation algorithm to consolidate the available spectrum for clients’ connections.The simulation results indicate that this algorithm is able to reduce fragmentation of network,improve the continuity of spectral resource,reduce the blocking rate of services in the network and improve the spectral efficiency significantly.     

Test bed for characterization and predistortion of power amplifiers

A platform of high accuracy and reliability is crucial for power amplifier (PA) designers to assess the characteristics of the PA prototype, and for the digital predistorter engineers to validate their models and algorithms. Digital processing techniques for building a test bed of high performance for PA characterization and predistortion (PD) are discussed in this article. We also proposed a novel technique to characterize the frequency responses of the vector signal generator and vector signal analyzer independently without using any other instrument. The techniques described in this article are quite useful, especially for narrowband vector transmitters and receivers, to improve their performance. These techniques were experimentally evaluated, both for characterization and PD of a class‐F PA. Test results show that using such techniques can successfully build a test bed of high accuracy and wide bandwidth. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2013.     

Throughput-based fair bandwidth allocation in OBS networks

Fair bandwidth allocation (FBA) has been studied in optical burst switching (OBS) networks, with the main idea being to map the max-min fairness in traditional IP networks to the fair-loss probability in OBS networks. This approach has proven to be fair in terms of the bandwidth allocation for differential connections, but the use of the ErlangB formula to calculate the theoretical loss probability has made this approach applicable only to Poisson flows. Furthermore, it is necessary to have a reasonable fairness measure to evaluate FBA models. This article proposes an approach involving throughput-based-FBA, called TFBA, and recommends a new fairness measure that is based on the ratio of the actual throughput to the allocated bandwidth. An analytical model for the performance of the output link with TFBA is also proposed.     

面向LTE深度覆盖的PTN接入层网络演进

随着LTE网络覆盖推向深入， PTN接入层网络的承载压力越来越大，本文通过详细分析不同场景的业务带宽需求，结合网络实际，提出PTN接入层网络演进模型，为PTN接入层规划和建设提供了重要的借鉴和参考。     

车联网中基于联盟合作博弈的带宽分享策略

近几年来,车联网领域快速发展并引起广泛关注.在此背景下提出了一种混合Wi-Fi、WiMAX和3G/LTE的网络架构,在这种架构下,车辆可以根据自身的情况选择合适的方式接入网络.网络带宽分享采用基于联盟合作博弈的方式,车辆可以选择加入或离开合作联盟来最大化自身收益.模型从理论上证明了通过车辆间的效用分配与博弈合作,最终将形成一个纳什稳定的联盟划分并能适应车辆的动态变化.仿真结果表明,模型的算法性能接近于最优联盟分配.     

基于双耦合器的全光纤不等带宽波长交错滤波器的设计

为提高波长交错滤波器(interleaver)带宽的利用 率,提出了基于一字型3×3和2×2光纤耦合器组成 全光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)型不等带宽波长交错滤波器(interleaver)的设计方案。运 用光纤传输理论 和矩阵理论,得到滤波器输出谱的表达式;依据傅里叶级数的理论,优化选择器件的结构参 数;数值 模拟分析了器件的输出特性。结果表明:两个耦合器的耦合系数和光纤干涉臂长差取一些定 值时,器 件主要的两路输出带宽不等,它们的3dB带宽分别为31.5和 65.6GHz,满足不同传输速率10和40Gbit/s对带宽的要求,较等带宽interle aver有更高的利用率;通过分析器件结构参数对输出谱的影 响,发现器件具有一定的抗偏差能力;与普通的级联MZI型interleaver相比,新型器件的优 点是耦合 器少,在实际制作时可准确控制和检测耦合器的分光比,从而降低了制作难度。实验结果与 理论分析相吻合。     

阵列式光谱辐射计光学参数测量

研究了阵列式光谱辐射计校准过程中涉及的杂散光和带宽等问题。实验比较了阵列式光谱辐射计在氙灯和卤钨灯照射下进行紫外辐射测量的差异,对差异的来源-杂散光部分进行了测评。采用一组已知透过率的滤光片,通过采集有滤光片和无滤光片条件下卤钨灯的光谱,对阵列式光谱辐射计的杂散光大小进行评价,并评估了杂散光在紫外辐射测量中引起的数值偏差。实验测量了不同的阵列式光谱辐射计采集窄带光源的结果,对阵列式光谱辐射计的带宽在辐射照度计算中的影响进行评估。实验结果表明:卤钨灯照射下部分阵列式光谱辐射计在紫外300nm处的杂散光比例高达30%以上,制约了紫外辐射测量的可靠性;氙灯照射下阵列式光谱辐射计在300nm的杂散光比例可以降至5%左右;阵列式光谱仪的带宽限制了其能够准确测量光源的最小测量半高宽,几种不同带宽的阵列式光谱辐射计在365nm的测量偏差高达4%。得到的结果表明:阵列式光谱辐射计的杂散光、带宽等光学特性对测量结果的准确性影响很大。     

Surface modifications of activated carbon by gamma irradiation

Four commercial activated carbons with different chemical and textural characteristics were modified by gamma irradiation under five different conditions: irradiated in absence of water, in presence of ultrapure water, in ultrapure water at pH = 1.0 and 1000 mg L⁻¹ Cl⁻, in ultrapure water at pH = 7.5 and 1000 mg L⁻¹ Br⁻, and in ultrapure water at pH = 12.5 and 1000 mg L⁻¹ NO₃⁻. Changes in surface chemistry were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; pH of point of zero charge, total acidic groups and total basic groups, which were determined by assessment with HCl and NaOH; and textural changes were determined by obtaining the corresponding adsorption isotherms of N₂ and CO₂. Outcomes show that the activated carbon surface chemistry can be modified by gamma irradiation and that the changes depend on the irradiation conditions. Modifications in the sp² hybridization of the surface carbons suggest that the irradiated carbons undergo graphitization. Measurements of structural parameters indicate that the irradiation treatment does not modify the textural properties of the carbons. Finally, studies of pristine and irradiated activated carbons using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with the Kubelka–Munk function revealed a reduction in band gap energy in the irradiated carbons associated with an increase in sp² hybridization of the carbon atoms.     

无线Ad Hoc网络中的非侵入式可用带宽测量策略

首先给出了一种新式的无线Ad Hoc网络可用带宽定义方法.随后通过在测量间隔内监听邻居节点的NAV数值来计算当前节点的路径可用带宽.为了避免一次测量间隔内产生过大的统计偏差,将测得的可用带宽使用EWMA(Exponentially Weighted Moving Average)模型再进行一次平滑处理.仿真结果表明所使用的可用带宽测量策略较为准确,并能充分反映节点之间的碰撞与竞争.     

噪声环境下的信号检测及其MATLAB仿真

根据雷达信号的时宽带宽乘积为常量,不能兼顾作用距离和距离分辨率的原理,使含有噪声的Chirp信号经过匹配滤波器加以检测,并对其进行了MATLAB仿真.