能量均衡的最小2-连通2-支配集的分布式算法

在无线传感器网络中,一般通过构造连通支配集形成虚拟骨干网来分层路由。现有算法通常只考虑如何获得规模较小的支配集,忽略网络自身的不稳定性,使得节点失效或链路失败经常发生。针对连通支配集的容错能力,结合节点度与能量因素,提出一种能量均衡的最小2-连通2-支配集的分布式算法（DA-EBM）。 Omnet仿真实验表明, DA-EBM算法构造的容错连通支配集能有效均衡能量消耗,延长网络生命周期。     

SC-1型乙烯裂解炉先进控制系统开发与应用

针对SC-1型乙烯气液相裂解炉控制问题,提出了一种鲁棒性较强的先进控制策略,开发了由“DCS控制层”和“上位机控制层”构成的先进控制系统.该系统有效地解决了燃料热值波动对裂解炉裂解气出口温度的影响,减少了裂解气出口温度和裂解炉总加工量的波动,实现了“卡边”控制及生产过程的安全逻辑保护,优化控制器可一键投运和切除,解决了裂解炉控制问题的复杂性.该系统成功应用于兰州石化46万吨／年乙烯装置,大幅度提高了装置的平稳率,提升了双烯收率,降低了装置能耗.     

Thermal Explosions in the Early Evolution of the Earth

Exothermic regimes in the Earth's interior at an early stage of evolution are considered. Conditions are found that lead to selfaccelerating development of gravitational differentiation—separation of the heavier material forming the Earth's core from silicates in extended and heated local areas.     

PVAm/PAN复合膜的制备及其对CO2/CH4的分离性能

New polymeric membrane materials——polyvinyl amine (PVAm) with different primary amine contents were synthesized.By covering polyacrylonitrile(PAN) ultrafiltration membranes with PVAm, the PVAm/PAN composite membranes for CO₂/CH₄ separation were prepared. The composite membranes containing more primary amino groups have higher selectivity for CO₂/CH₄.The cross-linking of acid or glutaradehyde could improve the gas permselectivity of the composite membranes. With decreasing CO₂ content in the feed gas, the CO₂/CH₄ separation factor increased.When the feed gas was 25%(vol) CO₂ and 75%(vol) CH₄, the CO₂ permeation rate was 4.1×10^-9cm³(STP) •cm^-2•Pa^-1•s^-1, and the CO₂/CH₄ separation factor was 180.     

CC430F5137的低功耗无线数据采集节点设计

随着无线传感器网络的发展,无线网络数据采集节点的低功耗要求也不断提高。针对这一要求,利用内部集成了射频模块的CC430F5137设计并实现了一种低功耗无线数据采集节点。利用无线模块唤醒功能降低了系统功耗,同时根据载波监听功能改进了射频发送函数,提高了抗干扰能力。实验结果表明,该设计的低功耗和抗干扰方法是可行的。     

脱水法合成3-羟基丁酸乙酯

以3-羟基丁酸和乙醇为原料，在对甲苯磺酸的催化下分别以氧化钙、3A分子筛、无水硫酸镁为脱水剂，采用索氏提取器进行回流脱水合成3-羟基丁酸乙酯。对影响3-羟基丁酸乙酯收率的诸因素进行了考察。试验结果表明：加入脱水剂和带水剂可以显著提高3-羟基丁酸乙酯的收率。当原料配比为：0．1mol 3-羟基丁酸、0．12mol乙醇，0．7175g对甲苯磺酸，带水剂环己烷50mL，脱水剂18．7g氧化钙，反应时间3h时，产品3-羟基丁酸乙酯的收率可达96．6％(质量分数，下同)。     

Fate of nitrogen fertilizer applied to lowland rice on a Sulfic Tropaquept

A field experiment was conducted on an acid sulfate soil in Thailand to determine the effect of N fertilization practices on the fate of fertilizer-N and yield of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). A delayed broadcast application of ammonium phosphate sulfate (16-20-0) or urea was compared with basal incorporation of urea, deep placement of urea as urea supergranules (USG), and amendment of urea with a urease inhibitor. Deep placement of urea as USG significantly reduced floodwater urea- and ammoniacal-N concentrations following N application but did not reduce N loss, as determined from an¹⁵N balance, in this experiment where runoff loss was prevented. The urease inhibitor, phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPD), had little effect on floodwater urea- and ammoniacal-N, and it did not reduce N loss. The floodwater pH never exceeded 4.5 in the 7 days following the first N applications, and application of 16-20-0 reduced floodwater pH by 0.1 to 0.3 units below the no-N control. The low floodwater pH indicated that ammonia volatilization was unimportant for all the N fertilization practices. Floodwater ammoniacal-N concentrations following application of urea or 16-20-0 were greater on this Sulfic Tropaquept than on an Andaqueptic Haplaquoll with near neutral pH and alkaline floodwater. The prolonged, high floodwater N concentrations on this Sulfic Tropaquept suggested that runoff loss of applied N might be a potentially serious problem when heavy rainfall or poor water control follow N fertilization. The unaccounted-for¹⁵N in the¹⁵N balances, which presumably represented gaseous N losses, ranged from 20 to 26% of the applied N and was unaffected by urea fertilization practice. Grain yield and N uptake were significantly increased with applied N, but grain yield was not significantly affected by urea fertilization practice. Yield was significantly lower (P = 0.05) for 16-20-0 than for urea; however, this difference in yield might be due to later application of P and hence delayed availability of P in the 16-20-0 treatment.     

Computationally efficient solution of population balance models incorporating nucleation, growth and coagulation: application to emulsion polymerization

A computationally efficient solution technique is presented for population balance models accounting for nucleation, growth and coagulation (aggregation) (with extensions for breakage). In contrast to earlier techniques, this technique is not based on approximating the population balance equation, but is based on employing individual rates of nucleation, growth and coagulation to update the PSD in a hierarchical framework. The method is comprised of two steps. The first step is the calculation of the rates of nucleation, growth and coagulation by solving an appropriate system of equations. This information is then used in the second step to update the PSD. The method effectively decomposes the fast and the slow kinetics, thereby eliminating the stiffness in the solution. In solving the coagulation kernel, a semi-analytical solution strategy is adapted, which substantially reduces the computational requirement, but also ensures the consistency of properties such as the number and mass of particles.     

A discrete model for non-wetting liquid flow from a point source in a packed bed under the influence of gas flow

A study of non-wetting flow in a packed bed under the influence of gas flow has been carried out. Departing from the usual continuum models, a discrete and deterministic model for liquid flow has been presented to model the liquid flow from single and multiple point sources. Liquid flow is modelled based on force balance approach considering gas drag, bed resistance and gravity forces. Gas flow is modelled using k-ε model for turbulent flow. An X-ray flow visualization technique, developed by our group, is used to study the liquid flow paths in the packed bed. Liquid flow path and velocity has been obtained for various liquid and gas flow rate. Flow paths obtained from the simulation results are in good agreement to those obtained from flow visualization procedure under various conditions. Also, liquid distribution at the bed bottom is reported and compared with the experimental results.     

基于流动平衡的塑料挤出模优化设计

在构建流道三维参数化模型的基础上,将有限元数值分析和优化技术相结合,以口模出口处型材截面上各子区域平均流速相等为优化目标,以压缩段入口壁厚和平直段长度为设计变量,对挤出模优化设计进行了研究。并以实例说明了优化设计的具体过程,验证了所用方法的正确性和有效性。