国外深水油田开发模式

深水油气田与浅海及陆上油气田勘探开发相比,具有诸多难题和挑战:技术要求高,作业难度高,投资风险大.深水油田的开发目前已经成为世界投资的热点,但对于深水油田开发模式方面的研究报道还比较少.通过研究国外典型深水油田的勘探开发过程,从油藏特征、开发策略和动态开发规律等方面分析深水油田的开发模式,为深水油田高速开发模式的建立奠定基础,同时为中国南海海域深水油田的开发提供参考.     

裂缝性油藏井网水驱油物理模拟研究

为了更好地对裂缝性油藏进行井网优选。根据实际油藏地质特征,利用相似准则制作裂缝性油藏物理模型．开展了井网水驱油实验。通过对比不同注采井网采出程度与含水率的变化,进行井网类型优选．文中对比了5种井网的开发效果,实验及分析结果表明：对于该裂缝性油藏模型,九点井网的采收率最高,这验证了裂缝性油藏吸水能力较强的特点：其余井网的采收率从高到低依次为五点井网、排状井网、反五点井网、反九点井网,这4种井网由于强注强采,导致含水率迅速上升,驱油效果不理想．但当存在合理的裂缝分布及有效的井间干扰时,局部采油井的采收率会得到提高;可以用工型水驱特征曲线预测该油藏的动态变化。文中的研究方法及成果对裂缝性油藏井网优选具有一定的指导意义.     

The Leaching Behavior of Toxic Metals in Petroleum Sludge After Thermal Treatment

Petroleum sludge contains high concentration of hydrocarbons and heavy metals, which are hazardous to the environment and human health. In this study typical petroleum sludge samples collected from crude oil tank were thermal treated by burning and melting, respectively. The leaching behavior of seven target heavy metals including Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb from the solid residue were comparatively studied with that from municipal sewage sludge according to the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were carried out to investigate the morphology and crystalline composition. Results showed that total concentrations of target metals in petroleum sludge were relatively lower comparing with those in sewage sludge except for Cu, Cd, and Pb. Leached concentrations of Cu, As, and Pb from petroleum sludge increased dramatically after burning and were higher than those from sewage sludge. The leached concentrations after melting were decreased substantially except for Cr and Ni whose leaching concentrations were unaffected by thermal treatment for the studied samples.     

Evaluation of isothermal kinetics of the thermal decomposition of guanidine nitrate in constant volume

ABSTRACT

In this paper, thermal decomposition characteristics of guanidine nitrate (GN) are studied by both dynamic and isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests in constant volume. The dynamic curve (1°C/min) shows that at least two overlapped peaks exist in the decomposition curve of GN, whereas the decomposition peaks of each isothermal experiment (305–320°C) can be clearly taken as a combination of three decomposition peaks. Besides, an isothermal kinetic model is studied. AKTS is used to decouple the isothermal decomposition peaks, to obtain three separate peaks, i.e., one decelerating model peak and two sigmoidal model peaks. An Nth order kinetic model is established for the first decomposition stage, and an autocatalytic model is established to describe the left two stages. The kinetic parameters of each stage are calculated by nonlinear fitting. The equation describing the reaction rate for the Nth order kinetic model as below, dα/dt = exp(8.92)exp(?67730/RT)(1?α)^1.020, the second and the third steps can be described by the equations of dα/dt = exp(26.15)exp(?165570/RT)(1-α)^0.508+ exp(23.87)exp(?159360/RT)(1-α)^0.508α^0.150 and dα/dt = exp(24.03) exp(?166070/RT)(1-α)^0.082+exp(23.28)exp(?160000/RT)(1?α)^0.082α^0.210, respectively. The results calculated by these models fit well the experimental data, proving that the kinetic parameters are reliable and accurate.     

正交裂缝网络中渗流特征实验研究

为研究正交裂缝网络模型中渗流特征和模型结构对渗透率的影响,利用大理石和不锈钢垫片组建了不同结构的正交裂缝网络模型,并在自行研制的物理模拟实验装置上进行了一系列单相和两相流动实验。研究表明：低渗流速度下裂缝网络模型中渗流服从线性渗流规律,随着渗流速度不断增大,渗流曲线向压力梯度轴弯曲,呈现非线性渗流特征;平行于渗流方向的裂缝数越多,模型渗透率越大;平行于渗流方向的裂缝数越少,最终采出率和注采压差越大,含水上升较缓;裂缝网络中水驱油主要靠注水驱动压力梯度和重力作用进行,平行于渗流方向的裂缝中流动满足达西定律,竖直裂缝中重力起重要作用。     

几种特殊套管螺纹接头

文章对3种特殊套管螺纹接头进行分析，阐述了其螺纹形式、密封形式、扭矩台肩等结构特点，并给出了使用特殊螺纹套管应注意的事项。     

表征数据在固体催化剂专利保护中的作用

论述了具有活性的多组分固体产品的表征数据在其专利保护中的重要作用，说明了适用于申请产品专利的表征数据类型，较为详细地论述了如何充分利用该类产品组成上的表征数据以及物理和机械性能上的表征数据申请产品专利的方法，并论述了产品组分的上位概括方法和从制备方法的改进对最终产品的影响寻找区别特征的方法。     

东河1油田退汞毛管压力曲线的分形特征

根据分形理论,以退汞毛管压力为测量尺度,以对应的退汞饱和度分布频率为测量对象,对东河1油田岩样退汞毛管压力曲线进行的分形研究和分形维数计算结果表明,该油田岩样退汞毛管压力曲线(孔隙分布)具有分形特征。在考虑退汞麻痹效应和特低渗透率岩样退汞中止点假定条件下,对退汞量作了必要的修正。退汞曲线分形特征具有完整性,测量尺度范围从最高注入压力到最低退出压力。同时测量尺度与测量对象的数值具有良好的相关性,在双对数图上有良好的直线关系。退汞曲线分形维数D0W与渗透率、孔隙度、退汞效率和均质系数等常规孔隙结构特征参数均有较好的相关性,可以作为一个新的孔隙结构特征参数。     

Pollutant mixing and transport process via diverse transverse release positions in a multi-anabranch river with three braid bars

A multi-anabranch river with three braid bars is a typical river pattern in nature, but no studies have been conducted to describe mixing characteristics of pollutants in the river. In this study, a physical model of a typical multi-anabranch river with three braid bars was established to explore the pollutant mixing characteristics in different branches. The multi-anabranch reach was separated into seven branches, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, and B7, by three braid bars. Five tracer release positions located 2.9 m upstream from the inlet section of the multi-anabranch reach were adopted, and the distances from the five positions to the left bank of the upstream main channel were 1/6B, 1/3B, 1/2B, 2/3B, and 5/6B(B is the width of the upstream main channel), respectively. The longitudinal velocities and pollutant concentrations in the seven branches were measured. The planar flow field and mixing characteristics of pollutants from the bottom to the surface in the multi-anabranch river were obtained and analyzed. The results show that the pollutant release positions are the main influencing factors in the pollutant transport process, and the diversion points and pollutant release positions jointly influence the percentage ratios of the pollutant fluxes in branches B1, B2, and B3 to the pollutant flux in the upstream main channel.     

低频振动攻丝提高加工精度的试验研究

根据振动理论对低频振动攻丝提高加工精度的动力学机理进行了理论分析和试验研究 ,阐明了低频振动攻丝时丝锥扭转振动的动力学特性。