64层CT灌注成像评价宫颈癌化疗的疗效研究

目的探讨CT灌注成像在中晚期宫颈癌化疗中的应用价值。方法选择宫颈癌Ⅱb期以上的病例56例,化疗前行64层CT灌注扫描,记录血流量（BF）、血容量（BV）、平均通过时间（MTT）、表面通透性（PS）等参数值,并测算肿瘤大小,给予2个疗程TP方案化疗后3周行CT灌注扫描再测算宫颈癌灶大小,评价疗效。结果BV值及PS值在完全缓解（CR）、部分缓解（PR）、病变进展（PD）、病变稳定（SD）患者间的差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）,化疗有效患者的BV值及PS值相对较高;而BF值与MTT值在不同疗效患者间的差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论化疗前通过CT灌注成像可测量出肿瘤的BV和PS值,从而为指导中晚期宫颈癌的治疗提供依据。     

Remission: An experiential account.

In a highly subjective and experiential account, the author describes the ways in which she dealt with the diagnosis of terminal cancer, chemotherapy, and remission and offers observations of dealing with her illness in her clinical practice as well as in her personal life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

LAMS对胃癌细胞化疗的增敏作用

目的:探讨LAMS对胃癌细胞化疗的增敏作用。方法:RT-PCR及免疫组化法测定LAMS作用胃癌细胞前后Bcl-2基因蛋白含量;MTT法分别测定5-Fu、MTX、MMC、EPI、CTX与LAMS联合及单独作用胃癌细胞的ID50以及有效作用时间。结果:LAMS使胃癌细胞Bcl-2 mR-NA及基因蛋白表达下降,使胃癌细胞对5-Fu、MTX、MMC、EPI、CTX的敏感度增加、有效作用时间延长。结论:LAMS可有效地增加胃癌细胞对5-Fu、MTX、MMC、EPI、CTX的敏感性。     

艾易舒注射液合并化疗治疗乳腺癌的疗效观察

目的:应用艾易舒注射液治疗乳腺癌术后患者并观察其临床疗效。方法:选择我院确诊为乳腺癌术后患者62例,随机分为治疗组(33例)和对照组(29例),治疗组应用艾易舒注射液50ml加入生理盐水250ml静脉点滴及常规化疗,对照组仅给予常规化疗,3个周期后比较两组CA153值、TSGF的变化及近期疗效、不良反应等指标的差异性。结果:治疗组CAl53及TSGF数值治疗后下降显著,阳性例数远远低于对照组;两组的近期疗效无显著差异,但治疗组的不良反应明显低于对照组。结论:艾易舒注射液在一定程度上可以预防转移和复发,具有抗癌作用。     

How Far Are We from Prescribing Fasting as Anticancer Medicine?

(1) Background: the present review provides a comprehensive and up-to date overview of the potential exploitation of fasting as an anticancer strategy. The rationale for this concept is that fasting elicits a differential stress response in the setting of unfavorable conditions, empowering the survival of normal cells, while killing cancer cells. (2) Methods: the present narrative review presents the basic aspects of the hormonal, molecular, and cellular response to fasting, focusing on the interrelationship of fasting with oxidative stress. It also presents nonclinical and clinical evidence concerning the implementation of fasting as adjuvant to chemotherapy, highlighting current challenges and future perspectives. (3) Results: there is ample nonclinical evidence indicating that fasting can mitigate the toxicity of chemotherapy and/or increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. The relevant clinical research is encouraging, albeit still in its infancy. The path forward for implementing fasting in oncology is a personalized approach, entailing counteraction of current challenges, including: (i) patient selection; (ii) fasting patterns; (iii) timeline of fasting and refeeding; (iv) validation of biomarkers for assessment of fasting; and (v) establishment of protocols for patients’ monitoring. (4) Conclusion: prescribing fasting as anticancer medicine may not be far away if large randomized clinical trials consolidate its safety and efficacy.     

Characterization of Dog Glutathione Transferase P1-1, an Enzyme Relevant to Veterinary Medicine

Glutathione transferases (GSTs) form a family of detoxication enzymes instrumental in the inactivation and elimination of electrophilic mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds. The Pi class GST P1-1 is present in most tissues and is commonly overexpressed in neoplastic cells. GST P1-1 in the dog, Canis lupus familiaris, has merits as a marker for tumors and as a target for enzyme-activated prodrugs. We produced the canine enzyme CluGST P1-1 by heterologous bacterial expression and verified its cross-reactivity with antihuman-GST P1-1 antibodies. The catalytic activity with alternative substrates of biological significance was determined, and the most active substrate found was benzyl isothiocyanate. Among established GST inhibitors, Cibacron Blue showed positive cooperativity with an IC₅₀ value of 43 nM. Dog GST P1-1 catalyzes activation of the prodrug Telcyta, but the activity is significantly lower than that of the human homolog.     

Poly(cyclodextrin)‐Polydrug Nanocomplexes as Synthetic Oncolytic Virus for Locoregional Melanoma Chemoimmunotherapy

Despite the approval of oncolytic virus (OV) therapy for advanced melanoma, its intrinsic limitations that include the risk of persistent viral infection and cost‐intensive manufacturing motivate the development of analogous approaches that are free from the disadvantages of virus‐based therapies. Herein, reported is a nanoassembly comprised of multivalent host–guest interactions between polymerized paclitaxel (pPTX) and nitric oxide‐incorporated polymerized β‐cyclodextrin (pCD‐pSNO) that through its bioactive components and when used locoregionally recapitulates the therapeutic effects of OV. The resultant pPTX/pCD‐pSNO exhibits significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, immunogenic cell death, dendritic cell (DC) activation, and T cell expansion in vitro compared to free agents alone or in combination. In vivo, intratumoral administration of pPTX/pCD‐pSNO results in activation and expansion of DCs systemically, but with a corresponding expansion of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and suppression of CD8⁺ T cell expansion. When combined with antibody targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen‐4 that blunts this molecule's signaling effects on T cells, intratumoral pPTX/pCD‐pSNO treatment elicits potent anticancer effects that significantly prolong animal survival. This formulation thus leverages the chemo‐ and immunotherapeutic synergies of PTX and nitric oxide and suggests the potential for virus‐free nanoformulations to mimic the therapeutic action and benefits of OVs.     

Multi-physics modeling of doxorubicine binding to ion-exchange resin in blood filtration devices

A group of drugs used in intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) have intrinsic ionic properties, which can be used for filtering excessive drugs from blood in order to reduce systemic toxicity. The ion-exchange mechanism is utilized in an endovascular Chemofilter device which can be deployed during the IAC for capturing ionic drugs after they have had their effect on the tumor. In this study, the concentrated solution theory is used to account for the effect of electrochemical forces on the drug transport and adsorption by introducing an effective diffusion coefficient in the advection–diffusion–reaction equation. Consequently, a multi-physics model coupling hemodynamic and electrochemical forces is developed and applied to simulations of the transport and binding of doxorubicine in the Chemofilter device. A comparison of drug adsorption predicted by the computations to that measured in animal studies demonstrated the benefits of using the concentrated solution theory over the Nernst–Plank relations for modeling drug binding.