Effect of irradiation and modified atmosphere packaging on the microbiological and sensory quality of pork stored at refrigeration temperatures

The effect of combining low-dose irradiation (1.75 kGy) with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the microbiological and sensory quality of pork chops stored at refrigeration temperatures was studied. The microflora of irradiated MAP pork was almost exclusively composed of lactic acid bacteria, predominantly Lactobacillus spp. Modified atmospheres containing either 25 or 50% CO₂, balance N₂, resulted in the best microbial control in irradiated pork held at 4°C, compared to an unirradiated MAP control, and these atmospheres were subsequently used in sensory studies. The atmosphere containing 25% CO₂ 75% N₂ maintained the uncooked colour and odour of irradiated pork chops more effectively than 50% CO₂ 50% N₂. Therefore packaging in a modified atmosphere containing 25% CO₂, balance N₂, followed by irradiation to a dose of 1.75 kGy is recommended to improve the microbiological and sensory quality of pork chops.     

一次泵空调冷水系统的水力特性与节能分析

以一次泵空调冷水系统为研究对象,针对其水力特性与节能方式进行了理论分析。结果表明:末端为空调机的一次泵水系统易出现大温差小流量的情况,而末端为空调机与风机盘管组合形式的系统易出现小温差大流量情况。在冷负荷减少时,为更好的确保一次泵空调冷水系统节能运行,采用定水量系统调节冷水机组出口水温时应减少水系统的旁通水量;采用水泵变频调节且水泵所占空调水系统能耗比大于0.3,当系统的水力特性越接近末端为空调机形式的水力特性时,采用水泵变频调节效果越好(节能率大于10%)。在采用调节冷水机出水温度和变频调节冷水量匹配冷负荷时,冷水过量情况仍然存在,需旁通水量,水泵定频和变频时,可分别根据单台冷水机水流量的1.2~1.8、0.2~1倍来选择旁通管径。     

集成运用多种能源技术的空调冷热源系统

根据世博中心项目的特点和实际情况,在空调冷热源系统设计中集成应用了冰蓄冷、水蓄冷、江水源热泵、燃气锅炉等多种冷热源技术,并制定了合理的运行策略,以期更大程度地达到对能源的优化使用,实现绿色、节能、环保的设计目的。     

空气换热器在冷却顶板空调系统中的节能潜力

分析计算了采用不同空气换热器组合方案时CC/DV系统和CC/MV系统的新风能耗,指出两个空气热回收装置组合使用可以消除新风再热能耗,但在夏季湿热地区,排风潜热回收比消除新风再热能耗更重要,应尽可能使用全热空气换热器。     

Adaptive HVAC zone modeling for sustainable buildings

Control of energy flows within a building is critical to achieving optimal performance of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. To design optimal HVAC control strategies, a dynamic model of the HVAC system - particularly the building zones that it services - is essential. As analysis of building energy consumption is facilitated by the accurate prediction of indoor environmental conditions, techniques that dynamically model HVAC zones are crucial, and as such, is an active area of research. This paper focuses on real-time HVAC zone model fitting and prediction techniques based on physical principles, as well as the use of genetic algorithms for optimization. The proposed approach is validated by comparing real-time HVAC zone model fitting and prediction against the corresponding experimental measurements. In addition, comparison with prediction results using an algorithm based on feedback-delayed Kalman filters has demonstrated the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of prediction accuracy.     

浅谈水蓄冷技术

结合我国电力能源现状及相关政策,对水蓄冷技术进行了介绍,分别阐述了水蓄冷技术的主要设备,技术特点及优点,并对水蓄冷技术在空调系统中的应用及优势作了具体说明,以期促进空调节能技术的推广应用。     

三组天然保鲜液对冷却猪肉保鲜效果的研究——针对较低初始菌数和贮存温度的冷却猪肉

利用前面筛选研究所得的三种保鲜液,分别是1#保鲜液(壳聚糖0.5%、混合香辛料浸提液2.5%、蜂胶0.1%、Nisin-溶菌酶0.15%和茶多酚0.5%)、2#保鲜液(丁香13.25V/V、桂皮19.35V/V、乳酸菌发酵液17.65V/V、生姜9.16V/V和大蒜6.15V/V)和3#保鲜液(乳酸菌发酵液)处理冷却猪肉,处理后真空包装,研究其在初始菌数(2×103cfu·g-1)和贮存温度(1±1℃)较低的条件下,各组的保鲜效果。结果表明:1#保鲜液对冷却猪肉的抑菌效果最为明显,使冷却猪肉在贮存过程中菌数变化幅度非常小,贮存第21d细菌总数对数值仅为3.6;2#保鲜液处理组为4.113;3#保鲜液处理组在贮存过程中,细菌总数一直在105～106cfu·g-1范围内。三种处理在理化指标上差异不明显,TVB-N值保持较低的水平,红度a值保持较高的水平,18d后红度a值才有明显降低。     

两种复合保鲜膜对冷却牛肉保质的比较研究

利用胶原蛋白、壳聚糖等配制成复合保鲜液对冷却牛肉涂膜保鲜进行比较。结果表明:壳聚糖膜优于胶原蛋白膜,二者均具有明显抑制微生物生长、延长冷却肉保鲜期的作用。同时发现,复合磷酸盐与异抗坏血酸钠、烟酰胺对鲜肉有明显护色作用,涂膜显著降低汁液流失量。     

超声波在羊肉嫩化中的应用研究

本试验以山羊肉为材料进行超声波处理,分别处理0、1、3、5、7、10、15min,结束后在0～4℃成熟1、2、3、4、5、7d(每个成熟期设两个重复),检测肉块的MFI、可溶性蛋白浓度和剪切力,实验结果表明频率40kHz,电功率1000W,强度为1.33W/cm2的超声波水浴处理,明显提高了宰后15h的山羊肉块(70±1)g的嫩化速率,可使山羊肉提前3d成熟。     

羊肉制品加工技术研究进展

羊肉制品将拥有越来越广阔的市场,羊肉制品的种类也越来越多,羊肉加工技术研究不断扩展和深化,羊肉脱膻技术、羊肉嫩化技术、超高压等技术应用也将越来越受到企业的重视。本文在分析我国现在羊肉制品及其特性的基础上,对其现代研究和开发进展进行综述。