Reversible Quadruple Switching with Optical,Chiroptical, Helicity,and Macropattern in Self‐Assembled Spiropyran Gels

Enantiomeric glutamate gelators containing a spiropyran moiety are designed and found to self‐assemble into a nanohelix through gelation. Upon alternating UV and visible light irradiation, the spiropyran experiences a reversible change between a blue zwitterionic merocyanine state and a colorless closed ring state spiropyran in supramolecular gels. This photochromic switch causes a series of subsequent changes in the optical, chiroptical, morphological properties from supramolecular to macroscopic levels. While the solution of the gelator molecules does not show any circular dichroism (CD) signal in the region of 250–700 nm due to the fact that the chromophore is far from the chiral center, the gel shows chiroptical signals such as CD and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) because of the chirality transfer by the self‐assembly. These signals are reversible upon alternating UV/vis irradiation. Therefore, a quadruple optical and chiroptical switch is developed successfully. During such process, the self‐assembled nanostructures from the enantiomeric supramolecular gels also undergo a reversible change between helices and fibers under the alternating UV and visible light trigger. Furthermore, a rewritable material fabricated from their xerogels on a glass is developed. Such rewritable material can be efficiently printed over 30 cycles without significant loss in contrast and resolution using UV and visible light.     

The role of aromaticity and the pi-conjugated framework in multiporphyrinic systems as single-molecule switches

A systematic analysis of electron-transport characteristics for monomer, dimer, and tetramer multiporphyrinic systems is presented, to provide a thorough understanding of the structural dependence of electron transport related to the aromatic nature of the contact structure. Theoretical investigation shows that the electron-transport characteristics can be controlled by manipulating the pi-conjugated framework in the multiporphyrinic systems through the arrangement of the inner hydrogen atoms. The designed pi-conjugated framework assigns the distinct aromaticity on the contact structure, and the large aromatic nature of the contact structure increases conductivity. The feature emerging from this study is that the aromaticity and pi-conjugated framework are important factors that control the electron-transport characteristics in molecular-scale electronic devices, such as single-molecule switches.     

Synthesis and characterization of photoswitchable fluorescent silica nanoparticles

We have designed and synthesized a new functional (amino reactive) highly efficient fluorescent molecular switch (FMS) with a photochromic diarylethene and a rhodamine fluorescent dye. The reactive group in this FMS -N-hydroxysuccinimide ester- allows selective labeling of amino containing molecules or other materials. In ethanolic solutions, the compound displays a large fluorescent quantum yield of 52 % and a large fluorescence modulation ratio (94 %) between two states that may be interconverted with red and near-UV light. Silica nanoparticles incorporating the new FMS were prepared and characterized, and their spectroscopic and switching properties were also studied. The dye retained its properties after the incorporation into the silica, thereby allowing light-induced reversible high modulation of the fluorescence signal of a single particle for up to 60 cycles, before undergoing irreversible photobleaching. Some applications of these particles in fluorescence microscopy are also demonstrated. In particular, subdiffraction images of nanoparticles were obtained, in the focal plane of a confocal microscope.     

五开关H桥逆变器改进PWM控制方法的研究

针对传统级联五电平逆变器所需开关器件较多的问题,介绍了一种由1个辅助开关电路与H桥电路相结合的五开关H桥逆变器拓扑。根据该拓扑工作原理的特点,对其脉宽调制PWM策略进行了研究,提出了一种基于载波移相脉宽调制的改进型PWM控制方法。该方法依据两单元H桥级联,通过单极倍频CPSPWM方法得到五电平相电压的波形,并把该五电平电压波形作为五开关H桥逆变器的输出目标波形,再结合逆变器的4种工作模式来逆向推导出PWM脉冲信号。最后通过仿真和实验研究证明了该拓扑结构和控制方法的可行性与有效性。     

500kV母线侧刀闸分闸操作异常的分析及处理

本文主要对某500kV变电站在进行500kV线路停电倒闸操作中,500kV母线侧刀闸多次出现分闸异常事件进行分析,得出主要原因以及提出发生类似事件应该如何正确处置.该事件主要是因为500kV母线侧垂直伸缩式刀闸因动静触头无法正常分开而导致分闸异常,进一步可能发生母线扯落事故.总结经验,提出正确的应急处置方法,减少刀闸操作异常时间,对保证电网稳定安全运行有重大意义.     

Manipulation of Electric Field Effect by Orbital Switch

The semiconductor industry has seen a remarkable miniaturization trend, where the size of microelectronic circuit components is expected to reach the scale of atom even subatom. Here, an orbital switch formed at the interface between BaTiO₃ (BTO) and La_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃ (LSMO) is used to manipulate the electric field effect in the LSMO/BTO heterostructure. The orbital switch is based on the connection or breakdown of interfacial Ti–O–Mn bond due to the ferroelectric displacement under external electric field. This finding would pave the way for the tuning of the material performance or device operation at atomic level and introducing the orbital degree of freedom into the terrain of microelectronics.     

An S/H circuit with parasitics optimized for IF-sampling

An IF-sampling S/H is presented, which adopts a flip-around structure, bottom-plate sampling technique and improved input bootstrapped switches. To achieve high sampling linearity over a wide input frequency range, the floating well technique is utilized to optimize the input switches. Besides, techniques of transistor load linearization and layout improvement are proposed to further reduce and linearize the parasitic capacitance. The S/H circuit has been fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS process as the front-end of a 14 bit, 250 MS/s pipeline ADC. For 30 MHz input, the measured SFDR/SNDR of the ADC is 94.7 dB/68. 5dB, which can remain over 84.3 dB/65.4 dB for input frequency up to 400 MHz. The ADC presents excellent dynamic performance at high input frequency, which is mainly attributed to the parasitics optimized S/H circuit.     

Dielectrophoretic manipulation and real-time electrical detection of single-nanowire bridges in aqueous saline solutions

Dielectrophoretic manipulation of nanoscale materials is typically performed in nonionic, highly insulating solvents. However, biomolecular recognition processes, such as DNA hybridization and protein binding, typically operate in highly conducting, aqueous saline solutions. Here, we report investigations of the manipulation and real-time detection of individual nanowires bridging microelectrode gaps in saline solutions. Measurements of the electrode impedance versus frequency show a crossover in behavior at a critical frequency that is dependent on the ionic strength. We demonstrate that by operating above this critical frequency, it is possible to use dielectrophoresis to manipulate nanowires across electrode gaps in saline solutions. By using electrical ground planes and nulling schemes to reduce the background currents, we further demonstrate the ability to electrically detect bridging and unbridging events of individual nanowires in saline solutions. The ability to both manipulate and detect bridging events with electrical signals provides a pathway toward automated assembly of nanoscale devices that incorporate biomolecular recognition elements.