Siblings' differential experiences of marital conflict and differences in psychological adjustment.

The present study examined whether siblings experience marital conflict differently and whether such differences, if present, were associated with differences in their adjustment. Self-report data about marital conflict, children's depressed mood, behavioral conduct, and externalizing problems were obtained from 122 sibling pairs (mean ages = 10 and 12 years) and their parents. Results indicated that siblings were significantly different in exposure to and appraisals of marital conflict. Differences in siblings' exposure to marital conflict were significantly correlated with differences in their depressed mood, behavioral conduct, and externalizing problems. Differences in siblings' feelings of self-blame for marital conflict were significantly correlated with differences in their depressed mood and behavioral conduct. Children who experienced more marital conflict than their siblings had more adjustment problems than their siblings. These results highlight the importance of studying siblings' unique experiences of marital conflict to better understand its impact on children's adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Performance variability is related to change in cognition: Evidence from the Victoria Longitudinal Study.

Performance variability across repeated task administrations may be an important indicator of age-related cognitive functioning. In the present investigation, the authors examined whether age differences and change in inconsistency were related to 6-year (3 occasion) cognitive change. Inconsistency scores were computed from 4 reaction time tasks performed by 446 older adults (54-89 years). Replicating previous cross-sectional results, greater inconsistency was observed for older participants even after controlling for differences in response speed. New longitudinal results demonstrated (a) associations between inconsistency at baseline measurement and 6-year change in cognitive performance; (b) longitudinal change in inconsistency; and (c) intraindividual covariation between 6-year change in inconsistency and 6-year change in level of cognitive function. These findings support the view that performance variability serves as a marker of cognitive aging. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Individual differences in children's event memory reports and the narrative elaboration technique.

Children between 7 and 8 years old took pan in a staged event at school and 1 week later were assessed using a short form of the Wechsler Intelligence scale for children (third edition) and measures of metamemory, narrative ability, and socioeconomic status. Two weeks following the event, children either received narrative elaboration training (NET; K.J. Saywitz & L. Snyder, 1996) and were prompted with the four NET cue cards at interview; received verbal prompts corresponding to the cue card categories, but without prior training; or were presented with the cards at interview without prior training. Children given verbal labels as prompts recalled as much information as children who received NET training and cue cards. Measures of intelligence were predictive of amount recalled for cards-only children but not for the other 2 groups, indicating that differences in recall between low- and high-IQ groups were attenuated when recall was supported by NET training or verbal prompting. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Can being scared cause tummy aches? Naive theories, ambiguous evidence, and preschoolers' causal inferences.

Causal learning requires integrating constraints provided by domain-specific theories with domain-general statistical learning. In order to investigate the interaction between these factors, the authors presented preschoolers with stories pitting their existing theories against statistical evidence. Each child heard 2 stories in which 2 candidate causes co-occurred with an effect. Evidence was presented in the form: AB→E; CA→E; AD→E; and so forth. In 1 story, all variables came from the same domain; in the other, the recurring candidate cause, A, came from a different domain (A was a psychological cause of a biological effect). After receiving this statistical evidence, children were asked to identify the cause of the effect on a new trial. Consistent with the predictions of a Bayesian model, all children were more likely to identify A as the cause within domains than across domains. Whereas 3.5-year-olds learned only from the within-domain evidence, 4- and 5-year-olds learned from the cross-domain evidence and were able to transfer their new expectations about psychosomatic causality to a novel task. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

地面遥控可调弯接头的设计

钻进过程中,为实现定向控制目标,发明了地面遥控可调弯接头,它通过改变钻井液排量来使上、下花键轴在花键筒内上下滑动,由于各花键齿端部形状的特点,这一滑动会导致上、下花键筒之间发生转动,又由于上、下花键筒的转动轴线与它们的外表面不平行,就会使它们之间出现需要的各种弯角,从而在地面就能改变井下弯接头的结构弯角,满足定向控制技术的需要。整个调节过程花费时间很少,因此可节约钻井成本。     

利用射线路径反演层状介质速度的方法

本文根据欧拉方程对于连续层状介质进行了方程推导，得出一个波传播的射线路径公式，利用中 公式导出了ＶＳＰ资料处理中的速度反演公式。     

Genetic algorithms for symbolic clustering

This paper introduces a novel methodology for clustering of symbolic objects by making use of Genetic Algorithms (GAs). GAs are a family of computational models inspired by evolution. These algorithms encode potential solutions to specific problems on simple chromosome-like data structures and apply recombination operators to these structures so as to preserve critical information. A new type of representation for chromosome structure is presented here along with a new method for mutation. The efficacy of the proposed method is examined by application to numeric data of known number of classes and also to assertion type of symbolic objects drawn from the domain of fat oil, microcomputers, microprocessors and botany. The validity of the clusters obtained is examined.     

Real-time accurate hand path tracking and joint trajectory planning for industrial robots (I)

Previously, researchers raised the accuracy for a robot’s hand to track a specified path in Cartesian space mainly through increasing the number of knots on the path and the number of the path’s segments, which results in the heavier online computational burden for the robot controller. Aiming at overcoming this drawback, the authors propose a new kind of real-time accurate hand path tracking and joint trajectory planning method. Through selecting some extra knots on the specified hand path by a certain rule and introducing a sinusoidal function to the joint displacement equation of each segment, this method can greatly raise the path tracking accuracy of robot’s hand and does not change the number of the path’s segments. It also does not increase markedly the computational burden of robot controller. The result of simulation indicates that this method is very effective, and has important value in increasing the application of industrial robots. Foundation item: Foundation of the Robotics Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. RL200002) Biography of the first author: TAN Guan-zheng, Dr., professor, born in Oct. 1962, majoring in artificial intelligence, robotics and automation.     

谈中国特色的信息化道路

论述了我国在信息化道路上要正确处理如信息技术与信息资源等的四个关系，同时强调推进信息化要关注中国国情的9个特点。     

论黄河三角洲流路演变及河口治理的指导原则

通过分析黄河三角洲流路演变中溯源堆积及溯源冲刷对典河下游河道影响的范围，幅度和作用历时，提出在黄河泥沙从根本上减少之前，河口治理的指导原则应是在有利于工农业发展和有利于防洪防凌前提下，有计划地安排河口流路。