基于灰度化权值调整的水下彩色图像分割

针对传统自适应阈值法在水下图像分割过程中存在目标与背景粘连等问题,提出一种基于灰度化权值调整的水下彩色图像分割方法。区别于传统阈值分割方法中灰度化权值固定且研究如何确定合适阈值的思路,研究灰度化权值调整方法。本文方法利用统计得到的图像灰度信息来确定不同通道内目标与背景间灰度级差异性的大小,提高差异性较大通道的比例,以增强灰度化后图像中目标与背景的对比度,同时减小差异性较小通道的比例,以降低其对灰度化结果的干扰,对灰度化后的图像进行阈值分割得到最终分割结果。针对水下作业的时序列图像,设计了两步序列图像处理方式来降低耗时。通过4组水下对比实验以及耗时实验对方法的有效性进行了验证。     

东北地区植物花色类别与传粉者之间的相关性

花色一直被认为是吸引传粉者的诱物之一,是开花植物与传粉者长期相互选择的结果。作者统计了东北地区虫媒植物共计1 142种,同时利用出版物和网络资料提供的照片并比对标准色谱,确定这些虫媒植物花的颜色和色谱范围。发现在东北地区,单色系花中白色花所占比例最大,超过35%,黄色系和红色系次之,各占20%多一点,橙色花最少,仅占2%,其余为混合色系花,即一朵花或一个花序上的花有两种以上颜色。针对色谱分类结果以及东北地区常见的传粉昆虫的相关资料,讨论了花的颜色与传粉者之间的相关性。     

基于肤色的图像人数统计识别算法

提出一种YCbCr色彩空间中基于肤色的人数统计识别算法。通过计算所得阈值区分开肤色与非肤色区域,得出二值图像。对二值图像进行形态学处理,并根据人体生物特征进行筛选,选取目标区域,对连通区域进行统计。仿真结果表明,该算法能够准确地统计出图像的人数,且运算速度快,具有较好的实时性。     

Broadband excited Na3Tb(PO4)2:Ce3+/Eu2+ green/yellow-emitting phosphors with high color purity for LED-based application

To enhance the display quality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), it is of great significance to exploit green/yellow-emitting phosphors with narrow emission band, high quantum yield, and excellent color purity to satisfy the application. Herein, orthophosphate-based green/yellow-emitting Na₃Tb(PO₄)₂:Ce³⁺/Eu²⁺ (NTPO:Ce³⁺/Eu²⁺) phosphors have been successfully synthesized by a facile solid-state reaction method. The absorption band of NTPO samples was extended to the near-ultraviolet region and the absorption efficiency was significantly improved owing to a highly efficient energy transfer from Ce³⁺/Eu²⁺ ion to Tb³⁺ ion in NTPO host certified by time-resolved PL spectra. Upon 300 nm excitation, the NTPO:Ce³⁺ is characterized by ultra-narrow-band green emission of Tb³⁺ with an absolute quantum yield of 94.5%. Unexpectedly, NTPO:Eu²⁺ emits bright yellow light with a color purity of 73% as a result of the blending of green light emission from Tb³⁺ and red light emission from Eu³⁺. The thermal stability has been improved by controlling the stoichiometric ratio of Na⁺. The prototype white LED used yellow-emitting NTPO:Eu²⁺ phosphor has higher color-rendering index (Ra = 83.5), lower correlated color temperature (CCT = 5206 K), and closer CIE color coordinates (0.338, 0.3187) to the standard white point at (0.333, 0.333) than that used green-emitting NTPO:Ce³⁺ phosphor, indicating the addition of the yellow light component improved the Ra of the trichromatic (RGB) materials.     

低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢的热处理工艺对组织的影响

低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢有着复杂的显微组织，主要由多边形铁素体（F）＋无碳贝氏体（B）＋残留奥氏体（AR）组成。本试验采用了彩色金相法，并结合X－ray衍射、SEM和TEM等手段研究了低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢显微组织与工艺的关系，发现随着两相区退火温度的升高，最终显微组织中铁素体基体体积分数变小，并且贝氏体量增多，残留奥氏体的稳定性呈起伏式变化；在贝氏体转变区的等温温度过高或过低，均使最终显微组织中残留奥氏体体积分数减少；在贝氏体转变区等温时，所形成贝氏体表现出粒状的特征。     

牙科着色玻璃渗透氧化铝陶瓷的性能研究

在1400℃下熔融2h制备4种定制颜色的着色渗透玻璃，并将玻璃于1120℃渗透入预烧结氧化铝多孔基体，采用分光光度计测定渗透后的透射比和颜色参数，渗透后的复合材料作三点弯曲强度及断裂韧性测试，断裂面进行扫描电镜观察。结果表明：玻璃渗透后铝瓷的颜色参数范围：L^＊：68．80-78．44，a^＊：1．32～4．75，b^＊：16．86-21．86。三点弯曲强度为（420-27．72）MPa，断裂韧性为（3．70-0．13）MPa·m^1/2。     

酸性表面调整工艺对彩涂产品性能的影响

为了获得高质量的涂层钢板，通过一系列的试验研究工作，从微观和宏观两方面证实了彩涂板涂敷前处理工艺中的酸性表面调整处理可提高彩涂板的抗剥离性能和耐蚀能力。     

铜金粉的颜色及其影响因素

利用分光光度计对国内外铜金粉的颜色进行了测试，研究了铜金粉的成分、微观状态对颜色的影响。结果表明：铜金粉颜色可以用色彩三要素进行描述，其中铜金粉的色相只与合金成分有关，而与铜金粉片的大小、形状及粒度分布无关；明度和纯度与铜金粉片在油墨层中定向排列状态、片的大小、形状及粒度分布有关，而与成分无关；合金成分的微小波动不会引起铜金粉色相的明显改变。     

A Hybrid Color Quantization Algorithm Incorporating a Human Visual Perception Model

Color quantization is a common image processing technique where full color images are to be displayed using a limited palette of colors. The choice of a good palette is crucial as it directly determines the quality of the resulting image. Standard quantization approaches aim to minimize the mean squared error (MSE) between the original and the quantized image, which does not correspond well to how humans perceive the image differences. In this article, we introduce a color quantization algorithm that hybridizes an optimization scheme based with an image quality metric that mimics the human visual system. Rather than minimizing the MSE, its objective is to maximize the image fidelity as evaluated by S‐CIELAB, an image quality metric that has been shown to work well for various image processing tasks. In particular, we employ a variant of simulated annealing with the objective function describing the S‐CIELAB image quality of the quantized image compared with its original. Experimental results based on a set of standard images demonstrate the superiority of our approach in terms of achieved image quality.     

彩色自然纹理分类识别的研究

为了建立描述彩色自然纹理的参数体系,选用木材纹理这种典型彩色自然纹理为研究对象,提取了木材图像颜色矩和高斯-马尔可夫特征参数,采用改进的模拟退火算法进行了特征优化筛选及特征级参数融合,得到纹理参数体系并进行分类识别实验,识别率为97.25％,明显高于融合前单参数体系.研究表明用该参数体系对彩色木材纹理进行分类识别是可行的,也可用于与其相近彩色自然纹理的分类识别.