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101.
Approximate migration coefficient of interfacial transition zone and the effect of aggregate content on the migration coefficient of mortar 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In this study, the electrochemical technique is applied to accelerate chloride ion migration in mortar to estimate its transport properties. In order to investigate the effect of aggregate content on the chloride migration coefficient of mortar, specimens with different fine aggregate volume fractions were cast and tested. The chloride migration coefficient of mortar was determined experimentally as a function of the volume fraction of aggregate. The chloride migration coefficient of mortar is used to assess the dilution, tortuosity and interfacial transition zone (ITZ) effects of aggregate in the cement-based composites. A model modified from the Bruggeman theory for the migration coefficient of mortar is used, and the regression analysis is used to determine the approximate chloride migration coefficient of ITZ. Based on the experimental and regression analytical results, the approximate ITZ migration coefficient is 2.83, 1.76 and 1.55 times of the matrix migration coefficient for the ITZ with the thickness of 20, 40 and 50 μm, respectively. 相似文献
102.
Transport of phosphorus forms and of nitrate through a clay soil under grass and cereal production 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Many nutrients are lost from soil to water viatile drains. However, there are very few reliable studies of such phosphorus(P)losses under Swedish agriculture practices, especially in connection tofertiliser and slurry applications and related to nutrient balances. Tile drainlosses were measured from nine experimental plots in south-west Sweden; fourplots were measured for 7 years and five plots for 2–3 years. Cereals,mainly spring barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) and oats(Avena sativa, L.), were grown in six plots, while oneplotwas cultivated with grass, timothy (Phleum pratense L.)andmeadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, L.), one with lucerne(Medicago sativa, L.) and meadow fescue (F.pratensis, L.), and the last one was a set-aside withgrass (Lolium perenne, L. and Trifoliumrepens, L.) that was neither fertilised nor used for crop removal.Attention was paid to the forms in which P was transported to water since thishas important ecological implications. Average losses of particulate P (PP)fromthe set-aside land was significantly lower than from the cerealproduction, but the average losses of soluble reactive P (SRP) and dissolvednonreactive P (DUP) were the same. Average loss of PP from the grass ley during 3years (0.09 kg per ha–1 y–1) wassignificantly less than the losses from cereal production. Total P loss of 0.3kg per ha–1 y–1 was equal to the averagelossfrom the Swedish monitoring network of observation fields. Compared to theaverage nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching, which was 7 kg perha–1 y–1 from cereals, the NO3-Nleaching was very low from the plots with lucerne-grass and set-aside.After applying and directly ploughing in 80 kg ha–1 ofsuperphosphate for cereal production in November 1998, 0.6–1.8 kgSRP ha–1 y–1 was lost through the drain tiles.Surface application of cattle slurry in spring 1999 to the grass ley alsoresulted in a very pronounced increased base level of SRP. This paper documentsthe importance of applying slurry during dry conditions and of placingfertiliser into the soil according to crop requirements in the time perspectiveof one year. 相似文献
103.
104.
105.
The insecticidal nonprotein amino acid S-(-carboxyethyl)-cysteine (S-CEC) is the major free amino acid in the seeds of severalCalliandra spp. where it accounts for up to 2.9 % of dry weight. Lesser amounts of other related S-containing amino acids and an array of nonprotein imino acids derived from pipecolic acid are other constituents. High concentrations of imino acids, which also show insecticidal activity, are maintained in the mature leaves, but sulfur compounds are lacking. In this study the disappearance of S-CEC from the germinating seeds and young seedlings ofC. rubescens was monitored over time. After 10 weeks, S-CEC continues to be found in high concentrations in the stems and new leaves. As young leaves mature, sulfur compounds quickly decrease in concentration. Traces of S-CEC are found in new leaves of plants up to nine months after germination. Whether high concentration of S-CEC in young leaves is due to transportation from the seed or de novo synthesis is unclear. The ecological implications are discussed. 相似文献
106.
Effects of allelochemicals on plant respiration and oxygen isotope fractionation by the alternative oxidase 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
The goal of this investigation was to determine the effects of allelochemicals on plant respiration that thereby may be responsible for their role in growth inhibition. We have tested the effects of juglone, quercetin, cinnamic acid, and-pinene on respiration rates, and electron partitioning through the cytochrome and alternative respiratory pathways, by measuring on-line oxygen consumption and oxygen isotope fractionation in soybean cotyledon tissue. Cinnamic acid and-pinene decreased the oxygen consumption rate and increased the relative partitioning of electron transport to the alternative pathway. Possible biochemical mechanisms of these effects are discussed. 相似文献
107.
108.
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of-Al2O3, using a pairwise additive interaction potential of Pauling's type with four different radii for aluminum atoms, were analysed in order to determine the influence of the radius on the modification of coordination numbers of A1 relative to the ideal structure, at two different temperatures of 300 and 1500 K. It is found that the best choice is the radius of penta-coordinated aluminum, reproducing structural and vibrational properties of the compound in excellent agreement with experimentally observed properties. 相似文献
109.
110.
从青海铁吾电站HL160-WJ-84水轮机运行中的实际问题出发,在明确了水轮机改造的方向和目标后,对新旧型谱系列模型转轮的性能进行了对比分析。基于对比结果,初选出了D06A转轮用于技术改造试验。对改造前后的水轮机全流道进行三维湍流数值计算,给出了水轮机改造前后的水动力学特性差异。同时,对改造前后的水轮机蜗壳、转轮叶片的流态分布状况进行了分析比较,对改造后的水轮机整体水力性能进行预估。分析认为,对于小型卧式HL160机组而言,更换转轮后还需对上冠泄水孔实施改造,以防止对流场造成扰动,降低机组的效率。 相似文献