协调决策形式背景下概念格的属性约简

概念格是知识处理与分析中的一个有力工具,对它进行约简可以提高效率简化问题。该文在协调决策形式背景下给出了协调集及属性特征的判定定理,并在此基础上得到了一种求属性约简的方法。     

论建筑设计中传统与现代元素的和谐共生

本文基于现代认知理论,从注重历史与文脉传承的角度,通过对涉及建筑设计各要素的深入分析,进一步揭示建筑设计中传统元素与现代元素和谐共生的相互关系和必要性,并为该领域相关问题的解决提供较为可行的理论依据。     

Contextualization of Geospatial Database Semantics for Human–GIS Interaction

Human interactions with geographical information are contextualized by problem-solving activities which endow meaning to geospatial data and processing. However, existing spatial data models have not taken this aspect of semantics into account. This paper extends spatial data semantics to include not only the contents and schemas, but also the contexts of their use. We specify such a semantic model in terms of three related components: activity-centric context representation, contextualized ontology space, and context mediated semantic exchange. Contextualization of spatial data semantics allows the same underlying data to take multiple semantic forms, and disambiguate spatial concepts based on localized contexts. We demonstrate how such a semantic model supports contextualized interpretation of vague spatial concepts during human–GIS interactions. We employ conversational dialogue as the mechanism to perform collaborative diagnosis of context and to coordinate sharing of meaning across agents and data sources.

CONTEXTUAL LANGUAGE MODELS FOR RANKING ANSWERS TO NATURAL LANGUAGE DEFINITION QUESTIONS

Question–answering systems make good use of knowledge bases (KBs, e.g., Wikipedia) for responding to definition queries. Typically, systems extract relevant facts from articles regarding the question across KBs, and then they are projected into the candidate answers. However, studies have shown that the performance of this kind of method suddenly drops, whenever KBs supply narrow coverage. This work describes a new approach to deal with this problem by constructing context models for scoring candidate answers, which are, more precisely, statistical n‐gram language models inferred from lexicalized dependency paths extracted from Wikipedia abstracts. Unlike state‐of‐the‐art approaches, context models are created by capturing the semantics of candidate answers (e.g., “novel,”“singer,”“coach,” and “city”). This work is extended by investigating the impact on context models of extra linguistic knowledge such as part‐of‐speech tagging and named‐entity recognition. Results showed the effectiveness of context models as n‐gram lexicalized dependency paths and promising context indicators for the presence of definitions in natural language texts.     

Extending UML to model Web 2.0‐based context‐aware applications

Web 2.0 Mashups offer entirely new opportunities for context‐aware application (CAA) developers by integrating Web 2.0 technologies to facilitate interoperability among heterogeneous context‐aware systems. From a software engineering perspective, a visualized approach for Web 2.0‐based CAA modeling is crucial. Current CAA development, however, cannot provide a conceptual model for Web 2.0‐based CAA. Therefore, the development efficiency and potential for reuse are decreased. The UML is a general purpose modeling language with potential for use in many application domains. However, UML often lacks elements needed to model concepts in specific domains, such as Web 2.0‐based CAA modeling. To address the above issues, this study presents the Web 2.0‐based CAA UML profile, a UML profile for modeling Web 2.0‐based CAA. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

经典传说的新语境分析:以牛郎织女传说为例

牛郎织女传说作为我国四大传说之一,在历史传承中发生了文化变迁,其影响日益式微。在当代语境下,后现代主义思潮的推动,新科技手段的应用,为牛郎织女传说的传承提供了新的机遇。本文拟就对牛郎织女历史语境及当代语境作出分析,同时对牛郎织女未来保护与传承进行构想与展望,思考牛郎织女传说的发展辙迹。     

Implementation of physical coordination training and cognitive behavioural training interventions at cleaning workplaces--secondary analyses of a randomised controlled trial

This study evaluates the implementation of physical coordination training (PCT) and cognitive behavioural training (CBTr) interventions in a randomised controlled trial at nine cleaners' workplaces. Female cleaners (n = 294) were randomised into a PCT, a CBTr or a reference (REF) group. Both 12-week interventions were performed in groups guided by an instructor. Records were kept on intervention dose (adherence) unanticipated events at the work place (context) and quality of intervention delivery (fidelity). Participant adherence was 37% in the PCT and 49% in the CBTr interventions. Optimal implementation was reached by only 6% in PCT and 42% in the CBTr. Analysis of the barriers to successful implementation indicated that the intervention process is sensitive to unanticipated events. In order to succeed in improving the health of high-risk populations such as cleaners and to correctly interpret intervention effects, more research on implementation is needed. Trial registration: ISRCTN96241850. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: Both physical coordination training and cognitive behavioural training are potential effective workplace interventions among low educated job groups with high physical work demands. However, thorough consideration should be given to feasibility in the design of interventions. The optimal intervention should be tailored to closely match the implementation context and be robust and flexible to minimise susceptibility to changes in work organisation.     

从孙悟空动画形象的变化看设计语境的变迁

作为四大名著之一的《西游记》脍炙人口,主角孙悟空被当作文学史中的重要人物而经历多次描摹与改写。作为艺术形式之一的动画片也经历了数十年的演变过程,在这个过程中,经历了传统语境到现代语境再到后现代语言的语境变化,孙悟空也经历了从神到人的角色定位变化,并且在古典戏剧到网络文学的流变中沉浮。分析各个时期孙悟空形象的异同,可以看出不同时期的社会思潮反映在艺术形象上的不同。     

一种结合灰度和边缘信息的局部特征描述算法

针对单一特征引导图像匹配的准确度有限,提出了一种同时使用灰度和边缘信息的特征描述子。该描述子将图像的几何特征与灰度信息结合起来,首先计算每个特征点的灰度对比直方图,然后引入边缘属性以增强边缘的匹配。实验结果表明,该算法由于同时采用灰度信息与边缘信息引导图像匹配,其匹配效果好于单独使用灰度或边缘的图像匹配算法,在一定程度上降低了误匹配率,同时满足旋转和光照不变性,对图像灰度变化和噪声不敏感,具有良好的匹配性能。     

结合结构下文及词汇信息的汉语句法分析方法

针对句法分析中上下文无关语法模型对句子信息利用的不足,通过融入结构下文和部分词汇信息,提出两种基于概率上下文无关语法模型的短语结构消歧方法,以达到消解结构歧义的目的;引入分层分析的算法,通过损失一定的时间效率使得在提高分析准确率的同时保证分析结果的全面性。实验结果表明,融入结构下文及词汇信息的汉语句法分析方法,利用了更多的句子信息,与上下文无关语法相比有着更强的消歧能力。