安钢烧结主风机噪声治理实践

介绍了安钢烧结厂针对大功率、高负压烧结主风机噪声特性,在90／105m^2烧结机噪声治理中所采取的措施。治理后作业环境达到了国家工业企业噪声卫生标准的要求,同时也满足了主风机的运行、维护和检修要求。     

Analysis of stresses during the freezing of solid spherical foods

An analytical model is presented to calculate thermal stresses and strains during the freezing of a spherical food, taking into account both the expansion during phase change and subsequent thermal contraction due to temperature decrease. The Young modulus and Poisson ratio are assumed to undergo a step change at the freezing point. The expansion due to phase change cause a uniform and virtually constant isotropic tensile stress in the unfrozen core. In the frozen shell, this expansion gives rise to tensile radial stress and compressive tangential stress. The thermal contraction subsequent to phase change causes reverse effects, i.e. uniform compressive stress in the unfrozen core and compressive radial stress in the frozen shell, while tangential stress is tensile on the outside and compressive on the inside of the frozen shell. The effect of thermal contraction is noticeable only at cryogenic temperatures.     

Vacuum Insulation and Achievement of 980 keV, 185 A/m~2 H-Ion Beam Acceleration at JAEA for the ITER Neutral Beam Injector

Vacuum insulation of 1 MV is a common issue for the HV bushing and the accel- erator for the ITER neutral beam injector (NBI). The HV bushing as an insulating feedthrough has a five-stage structure and each stage consists of double-layered insulators. To sustain 1 MV in vacuum, reduction of electric field at several triple points existing around the double-layered insulators is a critical issue. To reduce electric field simultaneously at these points, three types of stress ring have been developed. In a voltage holding test of a full-scale mockup equipped with these stress rings, 120% of rated voltage was sustained and the voltage holding capability required in ITER was verified. In the MeV accelerator, whose target is the acceleration of a H ion beam of 1 MeV, 200 A/m 2 , the gap between the grid support was extended to suppress breakdowns triggered by electric field concentration at the edge and corner of the grid support. This modi- fication improved the voltage holding capability in vacuum, and the MeV accelerator succeeded in sustaining 1 MV stably. Furthermore, it appeared that the H ions beam was deflected and a part of the beam was intercepted at the acceleration grid. This causes high heat load on the grids and breakdowns during beam acceleration. To suppress the direct interception, a new grid was designed with proper aperture displacement based on a three dimensional beam trajectory analysis. As a result, 980 keV, 185 A/m 2 H ion beam acceleration has been demonstrated, which is close to the ITER requirement.     

分子蒸馏提纯C22-三酸二丁一甲酯的研究

采用刮膜式分子蒸馏装置对C22-三酸二丁一甲酯进行提纯,考察了1级分子蒸馏中,蒸馏温度、蒸馏压力、进料速率和刮膜转速对C22-三酸二丁一甲酯含量和收率的影响。得到1级分子蒸馏提纯C22-三酸二丁一甲酯的适宜分离工艺条件为:蒸馏温度120℃,蒸馏压力40 Pa,进料速率1.2 g/min,刮膜转速240 r/min;在此条件下,C22-三酸二丁一甲酯的含量可达95.6%,收率为85.0%。在蒸馏压力较大情况下,采用多级分子蒸馏可提高产品C22-三酸二丁一甲酯含量,但收率下降,当蒸馏压力增大为80 Pa时,经4级分子蒸馏后,C22-三酸二丁一甲酯含量可达到96.5%,收率由1级分子蒸馏的93.9%下降至78.0%。提纯产物经红外光谱和质谱分析,确定产物为目标产物C22-三酸二丁一甲酯。     

机载激光水下目标探测的协同搜索及其仿真

机载激光搜索水下的运动目标是一个较难的问题,因为运动目标容易跑出搜索区域使有效搜索时间缩短。为了快速有效地搜索目标。西方提出了多机在指挥控制中心指挥下的协同搜索方法;计算了在没有先验信息情况下多机搜索概率;提出了有先验信息情况下的搜索力分配方案;同时,进行了仿真实验。结果表明：协同搜索的成功率和效率与掌握目标的信息量和准确度有密切关系。     

大豆卵磷脂脂质体制备的研究

以大豆油脚为原料，用溶剂法－－超临界CO2法制备高纯度大豆卵磷脂。以此为包封材料，用反相蒸发法制备果酸脂质体。用透射电子显微镜表征了其形态结构，证实其直径在100－200nm之间。比较了果酸浓度对包封率的影响，同时测试了温度对泄露率的影响，结果表明，果酸浓度为0.3mg/mL时可以得到较好的包封率，温度升高会使脂质体的泄漏率增加。     

Thawing and freezing of selected meat products in household refrigerators

Recently, several manufacturers of domestic refrigerators have introduced models with “quick thaw” and “quick freeze” capabilities. In this study, the time required for freezing and thawing different meat products was determined for five different models of household refrigerators. Two refrigerators had “quick thaw” compartments and three refrigerators had “quick freeze” capabilities. It was found that some refrigerator models froze and thawed foods significantly faster than others (P<0.05). The refrigerators with the fastest freezing and thawing times were found to be those with “quick thaw” and “quick freeze” capabilities. Heat transfer coefficients ranged from 8 to 15 Wm⁻²K⁻¹ during freezing, and the overall heat transfer coefficients ranged from 5 to 7 Wm⁻² K⁻¹ during thawing. Mathematical predictions for freezing and thawing time in the refrigerators gave results similar to those obtained in experiments. With the results described, manufacturers can improve their design of refrigerators with quick thawing and freezing functions.     

Effect of bulk lubricant concentration on the excess surface density during R134a pool boiling

This paper investigates the effect that the bulk lubricant concentration has on the non-adiabatic lubricant excess surface density on a roughened, horizontal flat pool-boiling surface. Both pool boiling heat transfer data and lubricant excess surface density data are given for pure R134a and three different mixtures of R134a and a polyolester lubricant (POE). A spectrofluorometer was used to measure the lubricant excess density that was established by the boiling of an R134a/POE lubricant mixture on a test surface. The lubricant is preferentially drawn out of the bulk refrigerant/lubricant mixture by the boiling process and accumulates on the surface in excess of the bulk concentration. The excess lubricant resides in an approximately 40 μm layer on the surface and influences the boiling performance. The lubricant excess surface density measurements were used to modify an existing dimensionless excess surface density parameter so that it is valid for different reduced pressures. The dimensionless parameter is a key component for a refrigerant/lubricant pool-boiling model given in the literature. In support of improving the boiling model, both the excess measurements and heat transfer data are provided for pure R134a and three R134a/lubricant mixtures at 277.6 K. The heat transfer data show that the lubricant excess layer causes an average enhancement of the heat flux of approximately 24% for the 0.5% lubricant mass fraction mixture relative to pure R134a heat fluxes between 5 and 20 kW/m². Conversely, both 1 and 2% lubricant mass fraction mixtures experienced an average degradation of approximately 60% in the heat flux relative to pure R134a heat fluxes between approximately 4 and 20 kW/m². This study is an effort toward generating data to support a boiling model to predict whether lubricants degrade or improve boiling performance.     

Freezing of foodstuffs with variations in environmental conditions

Methods previously proposed to calculate the effect of changes in environmental conditions were reexamined. A theoretical basis was provided for the method of adding freezing time fractions. Testing against numerical calculations was carried out over a wide range of parameters. The results showed that the method based on following the movement of the freezing front performed reasonably well, especially when Pham's equation was used to calculate freezing times. However, inaccuracies may arise when the heat transfer coefficient decreases sharply, especially for very low cooling medium temperatures or for shapes other than infinite slabs. The method of adding freezing time fractions performed well for changes in cooling medium temperature but not for changes in heat transfer coefficient. A graphical method is also provided for the general case.