Molecular dynamics simulations of oscillatory flows in microfluidic channels

In this paper we apply the direct non-equilibrium molecular dynamics technique to oscillatory flows of fluids in microscopic channels. Initially, we show that the microscopic simulations resemble the macroscopic predictions based on the Navier–Stokes equation very well for large channel width, high density and low temperature. Further simulations for high temperature and low density show that the non-slip boundary condition traditionally used in the macroscopic equation is greatly compromised when the fluid–wall interactions are the same as the fluid–fluid interactions. Simulations of a system with very narrow channel width confirm earlier findings of Poiseuille flow, namely, that the velocity profiles are modulated. We find that these modulations cannot be explained by the local area density model.

GEOMORPHIC RESPONSES TO CHANGES IN INSTREAM FLOWS: THE FLOW‐CHANNEL FITNESS MODEL

The flow‐channel fitness model is a conceptual and practical model for predicting the qualitative response of alluvial channels to modifications of flow regimes. ‘Fitness’ refers to the size of channels compared with the flows they convey, with the terminology derived from traditional geomorphic concepts of overfit and underfit streams. The qualitative predictions refer to whether channels experience aggradation, degradation or relative stability, and whether aggradation or degradation is dominated by width or depth. The model is based on transitions among seven possible fitness states, triggered by key thresholds of sediment supply versus transport capacity and shear stress versus shear strength, and requires that potential changes in sediment supply and water surface or energy‐grade slope also be accounted for. The fitness approach can be used where only relative values and changes are known, as is illustrated in three example applications from Texas. The flow‐channel fitness model synthesizes key elements from several existing approaches to predicting geomorphic responses to changes in flow and is intended to augment rather than replace quantitative approaches, providing a predictive tool where the data requirements and assumptions for quantitative models cannot be fully met. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Roll Waves in High Gradient Channels

Abstract

Vedernikov's number quantifies the allowable capacity that can be sustained as a stable uniform flow in a high gradient channel, but it does not provide any guidance to the design of freeboard when roll waves exist. Without considering roll waves, high gradient channels are undersized using the uniform flow approach and fail to maintain design integrity. This paper presents revised design curves to determine the stability of flow in high gradient channels. When the design condition exceeds the limiting condition, roll waves should be considered in design. This study applies the model of moving hydraulic jump to simulate roll waves. It provides estimations for wave heights when Froude number is greater than 1.50.     

改进的Prony算法提取舒曼谐振参数

为在更短的时间内提取舒曼谐振参数,引入对时域采样数据进行直接处理的Prony算法．针对该算法受噪声影响大的缺点,对算法的核心过程——超定方程的求解方法进行了改进,采用Martin等人提出的最小残数法,并与频域处理结果进行对比分析,验证该算法的有效性．     

MIMO空间相关信道下格规约辅助的信号检测

针对多输入多输出空间相关信道环境,提出了一种基于格规约理论的最小均方误差检测算法.该算法考虑了空间相关性的影响,利用复数Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász格规约算法克服了传统的线性最小均方误差检测器分集阶数随相关系数增加而减小的缺点,使检测到的信号在高信噪比下可以达到比传统算法低几个数量级的误码率.理论分析与仿真结果表明,在信道为Kronecker相关平坦衰落模型下,接收端采用最小均方误差信道估计,发射端采用QPSK调制未使用信道编码,当比特信噪比大于18dB时,基于格规约理论的最小均方误差检测器的误码率低于传统最小均方误差检测器的误码率;发射端采用(2,1,3)卷积码、接收端采用硬判决Viterbi译码,当信噪比大于16dB时,基于格规约理论的最小均方误差检测器的误码率低于传统最小均方误差检测器的误码率,且基于格规约理论的最小均方误差检测器的分集阶数不受相关系数的影响,等于接收天线数N.     

Optimal cooperative beamforming design schemes  for AF MOMO two way relay channels

In this paper,beamforming parameters in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) two-way relay channels (TWRCs) are designed.We investigate three communicating scenarios,in which,the source nodes are all ...     

MSMSE-based optimal beamforming design and simplification on AF MIMO two-way relay channels

An optimal cooperative beamforming for the amplify-and-forward (AF) MIMO two-way relay channels was designed. Supposing the channel state information (CSI) was perfectly known by the receiver and transmitter as well as the relay, optimal beamforming vectors (matrices) of all nodes were jointly designed based on the criterion of minimizing the sum mean square errors (MSMSE). The analysis result shows that the performance effect of transmitting and receiving beamforming pairs is to maximize the receive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at two communication nodes, and the rank of the optimal relay beamforming matrix is no larger than two when there is only one data stream at each source node. A simplified algorithm was put forward to accomplish the design based on the analysis conclusions. Simulation results provide that the system performance, which is characterized in terms of bit error rates (BER), is significantly improved by cooperative beamforming, and the performance of the simplified method is not only very close to the optimal one but also with faster iteration speed and much lower computational complexity.     

ZDM软件在灌区渠道改建设计中的应用

ZDM软件广泛应用于水利水电设计行业,尤其是对灌区渠道、河道整治、供水管道、堤防加固等长线路工程的设计,可明显提高工作效率。介绍该软件在灌区渠道改造设计中的应用,重点为图纸绘制、图纸打印和工程量计算等工作。     

基于STD总线过程控制系统硬件设计

使用计算机过程控制系统来控制铝的电解过程,采用STD总线过程控制,由1台上位机控制5台工业控制机,每台工控机再分别控制相应的生产过程．结果表明：该控制系统有效改善了传统电解铝生产过程,并有效解决了电解铝生产过程中各项指标的实时监控,避免了生产现场的危险性,提高了生产效率．STD总线过程控制系统硬件设计具有扩展方便,便于维护,使电解铝生产在最佳工作状态,提高了电解铝产量和质量．     

基于基展开模型的时变信道阶数和径数盲估计

针对基展开模型的时变信道阶数和径数盲估计问题,采用了一种子空间投影算法来进行估计。该算法充分利用输入子空间和输出子空间具有的同构关系,将当前的观测数据投影到由过去和将来的观测数据所张成的子空间,其投影误差矩阵包含了时变信道的阶数和径数信息,进而可通过求投影误差矩阵的秩和范数来估计信道阶数和径数。仿真表明,与MDL、AIC和Liavas准则相比,该算法可在较低的信噪比下实现时变信道的阶数估计。