Removal of an Azo Dye from Wastewater through the Use of Two Technologies: Magnetic Cyclodextrin Polymers and Pulsed Light

Water pollution by dyes is a huge environmental problem; there is a necessity to produce new decolorization methods that are effective, cost-attractive, and acceptable in industrial use. Magnetic cyclodextrin polymers offer the advantage of easy separation from the dye solution. In this work, the β-CD-EPI-magnetic (β-cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin) polymer was synthesized, characterized, and tested for removal of the azo dye Direct Red 83:1 from water, and the fraction of non-adsorbed dye was degraded by an advanced oxidation process. The polymer was characterized in terms of the particle size distribution and surface morphology (FE-SEM), elemental analysis (EA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectrophotometry (IR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The reported results hint that 0.5 g and pH 5.0 were the best conditions to carry out both kinetic and isotherm models. A 30 min contact time was needed to reach equilibrium with a qmax of 32.0 mg/g. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were involved in the assembly of Direct Red 83:1 onto the magnetic adsorbent. Regarding the isotherms discussed, the Freundlich model correctly reproduced the experimental data so that adsorption was confirmed to take place onto heterogeneous surfaces. The calculation of the thermodynamic parameters further demonstrates the spontaneous character of the adsorption phenomena (ΔG° = −27,556.9 J/mol) and endothermic phenomena (ΔH° = 8757.1 J/mol) at 25 °C. Furthermore, a good reusability of the polymer was evidenced after six cycles of regeneration, with a negligible decline in the adsorption extent (10%) regarding its initial capacity. Finally, the residual dye in solution after treatment with magnetic adsorbents was degraded by using an advanced oxidation process (AOP) with pulsed light and hydrogen peroxide (343 mg/L); >90% of the dye was degraded after receiving a fluence of 118 J/cm²; the discoloration followed a pseudo first-order kinetics where the degradation rate was 0.0196 cm²/J. The newly synthesized β-CD-EPI-magnetic polymer exhibited good adsorption properties and separability from water which, when complemented with a pulsed light-AOP, may offer a good alternative to remove dyes such as Direct Red 83:1 from water. It allows for the reuse of both the polymer and the dye in the dyeing process.     

Structural and Molecular Kinetic Features of Activities of DNA Polymerases

DNA polymerases catalyze DNA synthesis during the replication, repair, and recombination of DNA. Based on phylogenetic analysis and primary protein sequences, DNA polymerases have been categorized into seven families: A, B, C, D, X, Y, and RT. This review presents generalized data on the catalytic mechanism of action of DNA polymerases. The structural features of different DNA polymerase families are described in detail. The discussion highlights the kinetics and conformational dynamics of DNA polymerases from all known polymerase families during DNA synthesis.     

Iron Mobilization from Ferritin in Yeast Cell Lysate and Physiological Implications

Most in vitro iron mobilization studies from ferritin have been performed in aqueous buffered solutions using a variety of reducing substances. The kinetics of iron mobilization from ferritin in a medium that resembles the complex milieu of cells could dramatically differ from those in aqueous solutions, and to our knowledge, no such studies have been performed. Here, we have studied the kinetics of iron release from ferritin in fresh yeast cell lysates and examined the effect of cellular metabolites on this process. Our results show that iron release from ferritin in buffer is extremely slow compared to cell lysate under identical experimental conditions, suggesting that certain cellular metabolites present in yeast cell lysate facilitate the reductive release of ferric iron from the ferritin core. Using filtration membranes with different molecular weight cut-offs (3, 10, 30, 50, and 100 kDa), we demonstrate that a cellular component >50 kDa is implicated in the reductive release of iron. When the cell lysate was washed three times with buffer, or when NADPH was omitted from the solution, a dramatic decrease in iron mobilization rates was observed. The addition of physiological concentrations of free flavins, such as FMN, FAD, and riboflavin showed about a two-fold increase in the amount of released iron. Notably, all iron release kinetics occurred while the solution oxygen level was still high. Altogether, our results indicate that in addition to ferritin proteolysis, there exists an auxiliary iron reductive mechanism that involves long-range electron transfer reactions facilitated by the ferritin shell. The physiological implications of such iron reductive mechanisms are discussed.     

杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮/环氧树脂共混体系固化反应动力学

采用热熔法制备了杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮(PPESK)/环氧树脂(E-51)共混物,利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对共混物的固化反应动力学进行了研究。借助Ozawa和Kissinger等方法确定了PPESK增韧E-51体系的固化动力学参数,包括反应的表观活化能E,指前因子A和反应级数n;结果表明,采用新型高性能热塑性树脂PPESK增韧环氧树脂不仅在工艺上具有可行性,而且PPESK的加入降低了固化反应的表观活化能,促进了固化反应的进行。     

透明聚丙烯EP2X32G结晶性能研究

通过差示扫描量热仪和广角X光衍射等分析方法,研究EP2X32G及其基料的结晶性能。结果表明,EP2X32G及其基料中存在α和γ两种晶型。     

金属型球铁磨球非平衡凝固特性与成分控制

通过分析不同成分球铁磨球零件性能和金相组织,对金属型磨球的非平衡凝固特性进行了较深入的研究.试验结果发现,过共晶球铁凝固时出现非平衡奥氏体;亚共晶球铁出现非平衡渗碳体相和晕圈铁素体;在柱状晶与等轴晶过渡区中存在着夹杂和偏聚物.为改善球铁磨球的显微组织及性能,球铁成分应控制在共晶或稍过共晶范围.     

含硅聚氨酯的制备及其动力学研究

以3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH550）、丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEA）、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、对甲酚为原料,制备含硅聚氨酯。用红外光谱对反应合成过程进行跟踪测定,发现端-NCO的聚氨酯预聚物和对甲基苯酚的封端反应在无催化剂条件下为二级反应,当加入催化剂三乙胺后该反应在发生初期为一级反应。无催化剂条件下该反应的活化能为46.96 kJ/mol,催化剂加入量为0.1%时反应的活化能为30.28 kJ/mol,催化剂加入量为0.3%时反应的活化能为18.16 kJ/mol,反应的活化能随催化剂加入量的增加而降低。     

含铜和镍电镀污泥还原氨浸工艺及反应动力学分析

采用还原氨浸工艺实现电镀污泥中铜、镍的浸出。在20%(质量分数)氨水+0.3 mol/L (NH₄)₂CO₃+0.4 mol/L Na₂SO₃的浸出体系中,当固液比为1∶15,在70℃下浸出3h,铜、镍的浸出率别为95.84%和90.12%。反应动力学分析表明,氨-碳酸铵-亚硫酸钠体系浸出电镀污泥中铜、镍受界面传质和固体膜层扩散共同控制。     

氯化钾结晶器搅拌选型探研

反浮选冷结晶氯化钾生产的关键在于DTB结晶器中的控速分解和控速结晶,而控速的关键在于搅拌器的调速,因此本文通过对搅拌工作原理、类型及机理的粗浅分析,在保证不影响分解和结晶速率的情况下选用合适的搅拌型式,生产实践证明:推进式轴流型搅拌较之折叶式径漉型搅拌在提高氯化钾产品的粒度方面有极大的优越性.     

Crystal growth induced by Nd:YAG laser irradiation in patterning glass ceramic substrates with dots

In this work a glass ceramic substrate was processed by focusing a laser beam inside the said material. The crystal phase within the amorphous matrix provides mechanical properties to the glass ceramic substrate in such a way that dots can be patterned inside the fore-mentioned material without producing any cracks. These marks are made up of crystals, the growth of which has been induced by the laser beam. These inner structures can modify the optical, thermal and mechanical properties of the glass ceramic substrate.A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at its fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm with pulsewidths in the nanosecond range has been used.Morphology, composition, microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of the processed material are described.