Chemical Stability of α‐Tocopherol in Colloidal Lipid Particles with Various Morphologies

Colloidal lipid particles (CLPs) are promising encapsulation systems for lipophilic bioactives, such as oil‐soluble antioxidants that are applied in food and pharmaceutical formulations. Currently, there is no clear consensus regarding the relation between particle structure and the chemical stability of such bioactives. Using α‐tocopherol as a model antioxidant, it is shown that emulsifier type (Tween 20 or 40, or sodium caseinate) and lipid composition (tripalmitin, tricaprylin, or combinations thereof) modulated particle morphology and antioxidant stability. The emulsifier affects particle shape, with the polysorbates facilitating tripalmitin crystallization into highly ordered lath‐like particles, and sodium caseinate resulting in less ordered spherical particles. The fastest degradation of α‐tocopherol is observed in tripalmitin‐based CLPs, which may be attributed to its expulsion to the particle surface induced by lipid crystallization. This effect is stronger in CLPs stabilized by Tween 40, which may act as a template for crystallization. This work not only shows how the architecture of CLPs can be controlled through the type of lipid and emulsifier used, but also gives evidence that lipid crystallization does not necessarily protect entrapped lipophilic bioactives, which is an important clue for encapsulation system design. Practical Applications: Interest in enriching food and pharmaceutical products with lipophilic bioactives such as antioxidants through encapsulation in lipid particles is growing rapidly. This research suggests that for efficient encapsulation, the particle architecture plays an important role; to tailor this, the contribution of both the lipid carrier and the emulsifier needs to be considered.     

基于CO2循环的低碳高效白云石煅烧新工艺

白云石是一种广泛应用的冶金、建材和化工原料。针对白云石煅烧过程中CO₂排放严重等问题,构建了基于CO₂循环载热与资源化回收的白云石低碳煅烧竖窑新工艺。通过白云石（CaCO₃·MgCO₃）煅烧过程的Gibbs自由能变计算,发现提高煅烧温度（50~100 K）可有效克服CO₂对反应的抑制作用;通过纯CO₂环境中CaCO₃分解过程的热重实验分析,验证了CO₂循环煅烧白云石煅烧的可行性;通过化学反应动力学计算,解析了全CO₂组分环境下CO₂压力对CaCO₃·MgCO₃高温分解过程的影响,并发现提高CO₂压力可促进气固传热,从而提升分解速率和改善矿料分解均匀性;对CO₂循环煅烧工艺系统能-质平衡计算表明：该工艺理论能耗仅为140 kg/(t 煅白),且煅烧过程的CO₂排放降低70%以上,环境效益显著。     

聚乳酸/环氧化聚丁二烯抗冲树脂结晶性能的研究

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对聚乳酸/环氧化聚丁二烯抗冲聚乳酸树脂(PLA/PB(EPB))的结晶性能进行了考察,并与纯聚乳酸(PLA)的结晶行为进行了对比,研究了环氧化聚丁二烯(EPB)对PLA等温/非等温条件下结晶行为的影响规律。结果表明:聚丁二烯橡胶(PB)对PLA的结晶行为影响较小,而EPB对PLA的晶体完善程度影响较为明显。PLA和PLA/PB更倾向于在低温条件下结晶,而PLA/EPB20.9%和PLA/EPB46.5%更倾向于在高温条件下结晶。抗冲聚乳酸树脂的结晶速率高于纯PLA,并且随着EPB环氧化度的增大,抗冲聚乳酸树脂的结晶速率呈逐渐增大的趋势。     

Spatial simulations in systems biology: from molecules to cells

Cells are highly organized objects containing millions of molecules. Each biomolecule has a specific shape in order to interact with others in the complex machinery. Spatial dynamics emerge in this system on length and time scales which can not yet be modeled with full atomic detail. This review gives an overview of methods which can be used to simulate the complete cell at least with molecular detail, especially Brownian dynamics simulations. Such simulations require correct implementation of the diffusion-controlled reaction scheme occurring on this level. Implementations and applications of spatial simulations are presented, and finally it is discussed how the atomic level can be included for instance in multi-scale simulation methods.     

苯基硅氧烷改性醋丙乳液涂料的合成与性能研究

为改善醋丙建筑涂料的耐水、耐热和耐老化性,以聚硅氧烷乳液为种子,并与醋酸乙烯酯和丙烯酸酯类单体聚合,合成了稳定且性能优良的聚硅氧烷/聚醋丙复合乳液。研究了该体系聚合的动力学特征,并用FTIR、DMA对其进行了表征。结果表明,该乳液共聚的表观活化能为76.0 kJ.mol-1;聚合速率随乳化剂与引发剂浓度和反应温度提高而加速,RP=kCE0.48C10.71;硅氧烷的加入使涂膜的玻璃化转变温度升高。     

半水磷酸晶体生产操作要点及存在问题的研究

瓮福集团公司为了降低液态磷酸在销售中物流成本高的问题,对w(H3PO4)85%的磷酸采用结晶工艺。介绍半水磷酸晶体生产工艺、操作要点,为解决生产中出现结晶槽盘管易结垢、产率低所采取的措施,以及研发磷酸深度冷却结晶工艺在实验室和工业上应用取得的效果。     

Increasing the X-ray Diffraction Power of Protein Crystals by Dehydration: The Case of Bovine Serum Albumin and a Survey of Literature Data

Serum albumin is one of the most widely studied proteins. It is the most abundant protein in plasma with a typical concentration of 5 g/100 mL and the principal transporter of fatty acids in plasma. While the crystal structures of human serum albumin (HSA) free and in complex with fatty acids, hemin, and local anesthetics have been characterized, no crystallographic models are available on bovine serum albumin (BSA), presumably because of the poor diffraction power of existing hexagonal BSA crystals. Here, the crystallization and diffraction data of a new BSA crystal form, obtained by the hanging drop method using MPEG 5K as precipitating agent, are presented. The crystals belong to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 216.45 Å, b = 44.72 Å, c = 140.18 Å, β = 114.5°. Dehydration was found to increase the diffraction limit of BSA crystals from ~8 Å to 3.2 Å, probably by improving the packing of protein molecules in the crystal lattice. These results, together with a survey of more than 60 successful cases of protein crystal dehydration, confirm that it can be a useful procedure to be used in initial screening as a method of improving the diffraction limits of existing crystals.     

聚乳酸结晶成核剂的研究进展

聚乳酸作为一种新型可生物降解高分子材料,具有优良的机械性能和生物降解性,但结晶速度缓慢也制约了其应用,添加结晶成核剂是一种改善聚合物结晶行为的有效手段,本文综述近年国内外对聚乳酸结晶成核剂的研究情况。     

苍耳子油回流提取工艺优化及其动力学研究

考察了加热回流法提取苍耳子油的影响因素,主要包括料液比、药材粒径、提取温度和提取时间等,并在此基础上研究其提取动力学。结果表明苍耳子油较适宜的提取条件为,m(料）∶V(溶剂）为1∶9（g/mL）,药材平均粒径为60目,在80 ℃下提取6.5 h。动力学研究表明在不同粒径下,苍耳子油的提取动力学符合二阶溶出动力学模型,即减小药材粒径,可明显增加有效成分提取率。研究结果可为苍耳子油的提取工艺设计和操作条件的选择提供借鉴。