基于HHT技术的二维结构损伤定位研究

希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)是具有适应性的局部化时频分析方法,适用于非线性、非平稳的信号分析。该文基于主动监测技术,将结构健康和损伤状态下的响应信号进行对比,二者的差信号实际上是激励信号通过损伤折射后被接收到的一种信号。利用HHT对差信号和激励信号等进行分析,提取信号群速度的到达时刻,从而得到差信号的传播时间。根据差信号传播路径的分析,并结合四点圆弧定位方法,实现二维结构的损伤定位,实验验证利用HHT信号处理技术能够有效准确的进行复合材料结构的二维损伤定位。     

混凝土损伤本构模型研究评述

现有混凝土本构关系主要是基于成熟的经典弹塑性模型所建立的,弹塑性模型在数学上较严格,但是与混凝土材料破坏机理不协调,各国学者针对混凝土这类特殊多相复合材料提出了很多基于不可逆热力学理论的损伤本构模型。系统综述了混凝土损伤本构研究的成果,在分析了各个有代表意义的混凝土损伤本构模型基础之上,对比研究了各个模型的特点及各自适用范围,通过总结前人成果,为损伤本构模型研究提供了思路。     

基于疲劳累积损伤的输电塔结构剩余寿命估算

建立了风力作用下输电塔结构剩余寿命的估算方法。由于输电线塔体系存在高度的非线性,因此本方法基于疲劳累积损伤的基础理论,通过分析模拟风荷载作用下的三塔两线有限元模型,获取结构构件实时累积损伤,然后依据实时累积损伤对输电塔结构服役期间每年度对应的剩余寿命进行估算。仿真分析表明,该方法可有效解决输电线塔结构的剩余寿命估算问题。     

冻融疲劳作用下LHFRC损伤演变规律

为了研究层布式混杂纤维混凝土（LHFRC）在冻融疲劳作用下的损伤演变规律，提出了混凝土抗冻劣化的损伤演变数学模型，同时进行了普通混凝土（OC）与层布式混杂纤维混凝土的冻融试验，并在试验的基础上，回归出它们的冻融损伤演变方程。结果表明，LHFRC和OC的初劣点值相同，且在劣化初始阶段具体相同的损伤演变方程；在劣化扩展阶段，LHFRC和OC均具有幂函数形式的损伤演变方程，但LHFRF损伤变量小于同期的OC，钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维有效地抑制了其内部损伤发展。     

基于BP神经网络和D-S证据理论的损伤识别方法

目的有效利用结构健康监测系统中的多源传感器数据信息，进而提高复杂结构健康状况的正确诊断率.方法将BP神经网络与数据融合理论中的证据理论有机融合，提出一种决策级数据融合损伤识别新方法.为了验证所提方法的有效性，用1栋7自由度剪切型建筑模型的6种损伤进行了检验.结果研究发现，将BP网络和D-S证据理论相结合的综合诊断模型，可以有效地提高一些损伤模式的诊断率，具有良好的适应性.结论笔者所提方法优于单一信息建立模型的识别能力，表明它具有较好的容错性和识别精度，用于健康监测和损伤检测是可行的、有效的.     

DNA double-strand break repair: a theoretical framework and its application

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed as a result of genotoxic insults, such as exogenous ionizing radiation, and are among the most serious types of DNA damage. One of the earliest molecular responses following DSB formation is the phosphorylation of the histone H2AX, giving rise to γH2AX. Many copies of γH2AX are generated at DSBs and can be detected in vitro as foci using well-established immuno-histochemical methods. It has previously been shown that anti-γH2AX antibodies, modified by the addition of the cell-penetrating peptide TAT and a fluorescent or radionuclide label, can be used to visualize and quantify DSBs in vivo. Moreover, when labelled with a high amount of the short-range, Auger electron-emitting radioisotope, ¹¹¹In, the amount of DNA damage within a cell can be increased, leading to cell death. In this report, we develop a mathematical model that describes how molecular processes at individual sites of DNA damage give rise to quantifiable foci. Equations that describe stochastic mean behaviours at individual DSB sites are derived and parametrized using population-scale, time-series measurements from two different cancer cell lines. The model is used to examine two case studies in which the introduction of an antibody (anti-γH2AX-TAT) that targets a key component in the DSB repair pathway influences system behaviour. We investigate: (i) how the interaction between anti-γH2AX-TAT and γH2AX effects the kinetics of H2AX phosphorylation and DSB repair and (ii) model behaviour when the anti-γH2AX antibody is labelled with Auger electron-emitting ¹¹¹In and can thus instigate additional DNA damage. This work supports the conclusion that DSB kinetics are largely unaffected by the introduction of the anti-γH2AX antibody, a result that has been validated experimentally, and hence the hypothesis that the use of anti-γH2AX antibody to quantify DSBs does not violate the image tracer principle. Moreover, it provides a novel model of DNA damage accumulation in the presence of Auger electron-emitting ¹¹¹In that is supported qualitatively by the available experimental data.     

A damage identification method for truss structures using a flexibility-based damage probability index and differential evolution algorithm

An efficient method for the multiple damage detection of truss systems using a flexibility-based damage probability index (FBDPI) and differential evolution algorithm (DEA) is proposed. In the first step, a new FBDPI is introduced to find the potentially damaged elements of truss systems. The proposed FBDPI is based on the changes of elemental strain, due to damage, computed by the flexibility matrix of the structure. The flexibility matrix of the structure is dynamically estimated using modal analysis data. In the second step, the reduced damage problem is transformed into a standard optimization problem having few damage variables. Then, the DEA is employed to solve the optimization problem for determining the actual location and severity of damaged elements. Simulation results considering measurement noise demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed method for the damage detection of truss structures.     

Multiaxial fatigue life modelling using hybrid approach of critical plane and genetic algorithm

This paper presents a new hybrid approach for multiaxial fatigue life estimation, based on continuum damage mechanics theory and a genetic algorithm with critical plane model formulation. The hybrid model employs a genetic algorithm based setup for calibration with standard proportional and non‐proportional profiles to predict fatigue life for complex loading profiles. The model is evaluated using experimental fatigue life data for SS304 steel. Calibration using simplified profiles is in agreement with the requirement for cost‐effective experimental fatigue life testing. In‐phase and out‐of‐phase loads are used for calibration, and fatigue life is predicted for more complicated profiles. The results show good agreement between the estimated and experimental fatigue life, and calibration through simple loading histories to predict fatigue life for complex histories appears to be an effective solution using the proposed model. A brief comparison is presented with fatigue life estimation performance of the proposed model with models available in commercial codes. Proposed model found to be more consistent in fatigue life prediction against various loading conditions.     

基于爆破振动的岩质边坡损伤神经网络预测

岩石高边坡的爆破开挖会对保留岩体造成损伤,岩体损伤过大可能导致边坡失稳,需严格控制并准确确定开挖损伤深度,因此,提出一种快速精确的损伤深度预测方法。以白鹤滩水电站左岸834.0~770.0 m高程坝肩槽边坡爆破开挖为背景,利用六个开挖梯段的多高程、多爆心距爆破振动监测及损伤深度声波检测的数据,建立基于振动峰值的爆破损伤深度BP神经网络预测模型,对高边坡爆破损伤深度进行实时预测。该方法利用不同部位及不同爆心处的质点峰值振动峰值作为主回归变量,同时还考虑最大单响药量和岩体强度的影响。结果表明,当开挖区域坡体岩性相似且无长大软弱结构面发育时,运用神经网络模型及多高程实测爆破振动预测本梯段爆破损伤深度的方法简便可行,预测精度可满足实际工程需求。作为传统爆破损伤声波检测的补充,可大大减轻现场声波测试工作量。     

爆破作用下隧道围岩损伤红外热像分析

隧道在爆破荷载作用下的温度变化会使围岩遭受温度应力集中效应,造成围岩结构损伤,使隧道光爆成型质量差,如何避免围岩缺陷对隧道光爆成型质量的影响亟待研究与解决。以成渝高铁某隧道工程为背景,基于红外热像原理,对隧道掌子面光爆红外热像进行实验设计,从不同部位的节理裂隙岩体的红外温度异常区域的温度分布、温度变化范围等方面对围岩缺陷进行判断,分析其分布规律。研究结果表明:掌子面岩石具有明显的高温条带与低温区域相间的辐射温度场,节理裂隙处红外温度较低,岩石突变处红外温度较高;掌子面岩石破裂过程中红外温度异常,主要表现为阶梯状交替升降温,并明显出现高温区和低温区。研究结果可为隧道光爆炮孔布置、装药参数设计、围岩稳定性评价提供一定的科学依据。