刚玉瓷指痕缺陷的研究

本文采用两种不同Al2O3粉为原料，结合Al2O3预烧与材料的生产工艺，对刚玉瓷的指痕缺陷及其对材料性能的影响进行了研究。结果发现：Al2O3粉预烧温度不匀时，部分颗粒（γ-Al2O3）周边存在层错缺陷，激活能的存在，人体中颗粒粘连（团聚）；该团聚体在坯体及烧结体中的残留直接引起烧结体中的结构缺陷，由Al2O3预烧温度高且均匀的粉体制备材料，才能获得具有优良性能的刚玉体。     

Gravity optimised particle filter for hand tracking

This paper presents a gravity optimised particle filter (GOPF) where the magnitude of the gravitational force for every particle is proportional to its weight. GOPF attracts nearby particles and replicates new particles as if moving the particles towards the peak of the likelihood distribution, improving the sampling efficiency. GOPF is incorporated into a technique for hand features tracking. A fast approach to hand features detection and labelling using convexity defects is also presented. Experimental results show that GOPF outperforms the standard particle filter and its variants, as well as state-of-the-art CamShift guided particle filter using a significantly reduced number of particles.     

Understanding heterogeneous catalysis on an atomic scale: a combined surface science and reactivity investigation for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene over iron oxide catalysts

In order to study the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene, epitaxial iron oxide model catalyst films with Fe₃O₄(111), -Fe₂O₃(0001) and KFe _x O _y (111) stoichiometry were prepared in single crystal quality on Pt(111). They were investigated using surface science techniques before and after atmospheric pressure reaction experiments in a newly designed single crystal flow reactor. As expected from low-pressure measurements, Fe₃O₄(111) is catalytically inactive. The catalytic activity of -Fe₂O₃(0001) starts after an activation period of about 45 min. After that, the surface is essentially clean but shows a high concentration of defects. On the potassium-promoted films, however, the activation period is much longer, the activity then is higher and the surface gets covered completely with carbon and oxygen during reaction. This indicates a different reaction pathway on the promoted films with a carbon–oxygen species as catalytically active species.     

The significance of defect chemistry for the rate of gas–solid reactions: three examples

Three examples are revisited in which the reaction rate could be reliably correlated with point defect chemistry highlighting the role of point defects as acid–base active centers. In the case of dehydrohalogenation of tertiary butyl chloride, AgCl becomes increasingly active as heterogeneous catalyst, if AgCl is homogeneously or heterogeneously doped. By such a procedure the silver vacancy concentration is adequately increased. The oxygen incorporation into SrTiO₃ offers an example in which the surface mechanism in terms of adsorbed species, oxygen vacancies and electronic centers has been elucidated. Appropriate surface coatings give rise to significant catalytic effects. Increasing iron (acceptor) doping not only changes the point defect chemistry but also the nature of the rate determining step. Lastly, the electrocatalytic function of Sr-doped LaMnO₃ is considered as regards oxygen reduction reaction and O²⁻ incorporation into Y-doped ZrO₂ in the context of solid oxide fuel cells. Again the defect chemistry is of prime importance for the reaction rate.     

基于S曲线模型的航空装备嵌入式软件量化安全评估

软件测试是航空装备嵌入式软件生命周期中的重要环节,如何评估软件测试的效果是一个难题。以软件测试为基础,讨论了航空装备嵌入式软件的生命周期过程中安全缺陷出现的规律,认为它的安全缺陷同样满足S曲线。引入了AML建模理论,基于软件测试数据,建立了某航空嵌入式软件的S曲线模型,预测了软件的总安全缺陷数。对AML理论进行了拓展,讨论了转折点的选取原则。最后,通过卡方检验和预测检验的方法,验证了预测模型与测试数据的匹配性。检验结果表明,AML模型能够很好地模拟实际测试情况,一定程度上消除了数据随机性的影响,其模型具有一定可信度,能够用于航空装备嵌入式软件的安全性分析。     

Proton irradiation damage mechanism of the InAlAs／InGaAs／InAlAs quantum well

InP-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) have shown a great potential for national defense and satellite radar in space radiation environment applications. This paper studies the proton radiation damage mechanism of its critical structure InAlAs／InGaAs／InAlAs quantum well. The proton projection range and vacancy defect information are obtained at different incident proton energies of 50keV, 75keV and 200keV by SRIM software. With the increase of proton energy, the proton injection depth is increasing and eventually protons pass through the material layers. Besides, the proton radiation induced vacancy defects numbers around hetero-junction increase first and decrease subsequently, and As vacancies are the main proton radiation induced defects. In addition, non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL) of In_0.52Al_0.48As and In_0.53Ga_0.47As material is computed under different incident proton energies by the analytical model. The change trend of NIEL is identical to the induced vacancy numbers, namely, NIEL first increases and then decreases as the incident proton energy increases. Finally the degrading effect of the radiation-induced As defect is detected in the two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum well, which confirms that the major proton radiation damage mechanism of the quantum well is the induced vacancy defects by NIEL.     

基于基准点系统与功能尺寸的轿车尾灯质量缺陷分析及改进

轿车尾灯局部外凸,降低了整车的外观质量.以检测数据为依据,结合生产工艺确定了影响轿车尾灯缺陷的因素,通过改进模具压力加工的孔位、制件在整形时型面下限伸延,增加冲压件焊接夹具上受力等方法,进行了改进.     

修边模具堆焊工艺的研究

修边模具堆焊工艺是以42CrMo为基体,通过在刃口部位堆焊高硬度合金钢制造修边模,代替传统的修边模制造工艺。分析了工艺参数对堆焊层金相组织、堆焊层硬度及耐磨性的影响,选取了适当的工艺参数并给出了堆焊法制造冷冲模的工艺要点。堆焊层金属及过渡区无气孔、裂纹等缺陷,堆焊的刃口平均硬度在57.5HRC以上,焊缝成形良好并具有很高的耐磨性能。并实际堆焊制造了修边模具,现场应用表明,堆焊层不脱落,寿命达到或超过传统工艺制造的修边模。该工艺对于修复其它冷作模具也具有很好的应用前景。     

改善银首饰铸造质量的措施

斯特林银首饰铸造时经常会出现气孔、缩孔、砂眼、氧化物夹杂等,其原因主要来自2个方面,一是在铸造过程中各工序的操作不当,尤其是水线的设置、开粉操作、焙烧制度等关键工序,必须加强操作过程的控制;二是与银本身的性质有关,银在凝固时氧的溶解度骤减,气体容易析出导致气孔;斯特林银主要以铜作为合金化元素,容易氧化形成夹杂。在熔炼或铸造过程中要尽量避免金属液接触大气,采用真空、或使用惰性气体、还原性火焰、硼酸等进行保护,可以减少铸造缺陷的发生。     

Solid-solution hardening and softening by Fe additions to NiAl

Solid-solution hardening in the case of a ternary alloy addition to a B2 compound with the triple defect structure has been investigated. The fact that the ternary element may occupy either of two sublattices or may affect the concentration of other types of point defects present in the material makes this a very interesting problem to consider. Ni-rich (40 at% Al), stoichiometric (50 at% Al), and Al-rich (52 at% Al) alloys were doped with up to 12 at% Fe. Lattice parameter, bulk density and hardness measurements were performed on samples quenched from 1000 °C. It was found that solid-solution softening actually occurs in the Ni-rich alloys, while hardening was observed in the stoichiometric and Al-rich alloys. The vacancy concentration was determined from the experimental data, and the site occupancies of the Fe atoms were estimated from a thermodynamic model. Through careful consideration of all point defect concentrations the solid-solution hardening and softening behaviors could be effectively rationalized.