能量回收多级液力透平机组性能测试与评定

结合生产工艺流程与现场实际要求,研制了年产120万吨加氢裂化装置能量回收多级液力透平机组,入口额定压力13.43MPa,出口额定压力0.60MPa。单级回收功率不低于6.3k W,总回收功率不低于56.7k W。现场运行试验结果表明:该装置各项性能基本满足设计要求,由于处于小流量工况下运行,在额定点的性能和回收效率与要求存在一些偏差。     

创新式三工位钢丝圈包布机的研究与设计

截止目前,在市面上常见的对轮胎用钢丝圈进行包布缠绕的设备一般都是采用一台包布机对应一个钢丝圈进行包布缠绕,当需要同时进行多个钢丝圈缠绕时则需要多台包布机,且由于单个包布机之间需要保留一定的安全距离,使得整体所需的工厂占地面积较大;此外,通常情况下是一个操作员操作一台包布机,如果需要多台包布机同时工作则需要多个操作员进行操作,这样会导致生产人力成本上升,且人工操作生产效率较低。     

高效电火花线切割磁场对表面烧伤影响研究

为减少往复走丝电火花线切割在大能量加工条件下工件表面出现的烧伤条纹,分析了烧伤条纹形成的机理:烧伤条纹主要是因汽化后切缝内工作液不足,熔融的蚀除产物无法随工作液向切缝后部顺畅地排出,从而附着在切缝侧壁而产生。而与切缝轨迹方向平行的梯度磁场可对铁基蚀除产物产生磁场力作用,以借助磁场来促进蚀除产物的排出。试验结果显示:磁场能有效减轻烧伤条纹的产生,且通过极间放电波形的采集发现,在磁场作用下放电波形中击穿延时比例增加,说明极间放电间隙状态有所改善。     

小R挤压机液压系统改进

重点介绍了本次小R挤压机大修过程中的几处优化改造,解决了原设备效率低下和不便于维护的问题。改进后设备系统更加合理,提高了整机运行效率。     

Evaluation Results of the Signal Decomposition Technique for OFDM Transmission which Achieves the Power‐Added Efficiency Improvement and the SNR Enhancement Using the Noise Elimination

The authors have proposed the signal decomposition technique as one of the powerful solution to mitigate the large peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) to be addressed in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmitters especially on mobile terminals. In order to enhance the receiver SNR, the simple noise elimination techniques working together with the signal decomposition technique have also been proposed that eliminates the noise added on the decomposed constant amplitude on‐off‐signals taking advantage of the knowledge of their constant amplitude at the receiver. In this paper, we discuss the parameter design issue of the proposed techniques and their optimization. Then, demonstrate the PAPR, the power‐added efficiency (PAE), and also the BER performances operating on the optimized parameters. It is confirmed that the proposed signal decomposition technique improves the PAPR by 4 dB and doubles the PAE at the complementary cumulative distribution function of 1%. It is also confirmed that the proposed noise elimination technique improves the receiver SNR by 3 dB at the BER of 10 to 3, which is nearly equal to that of conventional OFDM, under the conditions that the decomposed signals are transmitted over the independent additive white Gaussian noise channels. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the proposed techniques work properly when the decomposed signals are transmitted over 2 × 2 multi‐input multi‐output.     

Conjugated polymers with polar side chains in bulk heterojunction solar cell devices

Two polymers with polar side chains, namely poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)‐alt‐5,5‐(5',8'‐di‐2‐thienyl‐(2',3'‐bis(3''‐(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)quinoxaline))] ( P1 ) and poly[2,7‐(9,9‐bis(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl)fluorene)‐alt‐5,5‐(5',8'‐di‐2‐thienyl‐(2',3'‐bis(3''‐(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)‐ethoxy)phenyl)quinoxaline))] ( P2 ), were synthesized for solar cell application. A series of bulk heterojunction solar cells were systematically fabricated and characterized by varying the electron‐acceptor materials, processing solvents and thickness of the active layer. The results show that P1 , with a higher molecular weight and good film‐forming properties, performed better. The best device showed an open circuit voltage of 0.87 V, a short circuit current of 6.81 mA cm^?2 and a power conversion efficiency of 2.74% with 1:4 polymer:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM[70]) mixture using o‐dichlorobenzene (o‐DCB) as processing solvent. P2 on the other hand showed a poorer performance with chlorobenzene as processing solvent, but a much improved performance was obtained using o‐DCB instead. Thus, an open circuit voltage of 0.80 V, short circuit current of 6.21 mA cm^?2 and an overall power conversion efficiency of 2.22% were recorded for a polymer:PCBM[70] mixing ratio of 1:4. This is presumably due to the improvement of the morphology of the active layer using o‐DCB as processing solvent. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

Estimating the degree of failed understanding: a possible role for online technology

Accurate identification of what a learner does not know is essential for efficient self‐directed learning. The accuracy of this awareness, often described as calibration, has been operationalized in several ways. Calibration data are often collected in applied settings by having students predict a future examination score. This method is efficient but not a direct measurement of the awareness of specific strengths and weaknesses. Online technology allows a practical way to collect more specific, local data; that is, the accuracy of confidence ratings for individual assessment items. These two methods of estimating calibration, global and local, were contrasted as predictors of performance in an introductory college course. Both measures were demonstrated to be significant and unique predictors of future examination performance. Online study environments requiring certitude judgments for study questions and offering immediate opportunities for review may offer the means for improving the efficiency of self‐directed learning.